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diff --git a/man/man1/ed.html b/man/man1/ed.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a259b9bc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/ed.html @@ -0,0 +1,439 @@ +<head> +<title>ed(1) - Plan 9 from User Space</title> +<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type> +</head> +<body bgcolor=#ffffff> +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> +<tr height=10><td> +<tr><td width=20><td> +<tr><td width=20><td><b>ED(1)</b><td align=right><b>ED(1)</b> +<tr><td width=20><td colspan=2> + <br> +<p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br> + +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + ed – text editor<br> + +</table> +<p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br> + +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + <tt><font size=+1>ed</font></tt> [ <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> ] [ <tt><font size=+1>−o</font></tt> ] [ <i>file</i> ]<br> + +</table> +<p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br> + +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + <i>Ed</i> is a venerable text editor. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + If a <i>file</i> argument is given, <i>ed</i> simulates an <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt> command (see below) + on that file: it is read into <i>ed’s</i> buffer so that it can be edited. + The options are<br> + <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> Suppress the printing of character counts by <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>r</font></tt>, and <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt> commands + and of the confirming <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> by <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> commands.<br> + <tt><font size=+1>−o</font></tt> (for output piping) Write all output to the standard error file + except writing by <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt> commands. If no <i>file</i> is given, make <tt><font size=+1>/dev/stdout</font></tt> + the remembered file; see the <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt> command below. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + <i>Ed</i> operates on a ‘buffer’, a copy of the file it is editing; changes + made in the buffer have no effect on the file until a <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt> (write) + command is given. The copy of the text being edited resides in + a temporary file called the <i>buffer</i>. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + Commands to <i>ed</i> have a simple and regular structure: zero, one, + or two <i>addresses</i> followed by a single character <i>command</i>, possibly + followed by parameters to the command. These addresses specify + one or more lines in the buffer. Missing addresses are supplied + by default. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + In general, only one command may appear on a line. Certain commands + allow the addition of text to the buffer. While <i>ed</i> is accepting + text, it is said to be in <i>input mode.</i> In this mode, no commands + are recognized; all input is merely collected. Input mode is left + by typing a period <tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt> alone at the beginning of a line. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + <i>Ed</i> supports the <i>regular expression</i> notation described in <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a>. + Regular expressions are used in addresses to specify lines and + in one command (see <i>s</i> below) to specify a portion of a line which + is to be replaced. If it is desired to use one of the regular + expression metacharacters as an ordinary character, that + character may be preceded by ‘<tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt>’. This also applies to the character + bounding the regular expression (often <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>) and to <tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt> itself. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + To understand addressing in <i>ed</i> it is necessary to know that at + any time there is a <i>current line.</i> Generally, the current line + is the last line affected by a command; however, the exact effect + on the current line is discussed under the description of each + command. Addresses are constructed as follows. + 1. The character <tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt>, customarily called ‘dot’, addresses the current + line.<br> + 2. The character <tt><font size=+1>$</font></tt> addresses the last line of the buffer.<br> + 3. A decimal number <i>n</i> addresses the <i>n</i>-th line of the buffer.<br> + 4.<tt><font size=+1> 'x</font></tt> addresses the line marked with the name <i>x</i>, which must be + a lower-case letter. Lines are marked with the <tt><font size=+1>k</font></tt> command.<br> + 5. A regular expression enclosed in slashes ( <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>) addresses the + line found by searching forward from the current line and stopping + at the first line containing a string that matches the regular + expression. If necessary the search wraps around to the beginning + of the buffer.<br> + 6. A regular expression enclosed in queries <tt><font size=+1>?</font></tt> addresses the line + found by searching backward from the current line and stopping + at the first line containing a string that matches the regular + expression. If necessary the search wraps around to the end of + the buffer.<br> + 7. An address followed by a plus sign <tt><font size=+1>+</font></tt> or a minus sign <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> followed + by a decimal number specifies that address plus (resp. minus) + the indicated number of lines. The plus sign may be omitted.<br> + 8. An address followed by <tt><font size=+1>+</font></tt> (or <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt>) followed by a regular expression + enclosed in slashes specifies the first matching line following + (or preceding) that address. The search wraps around if necessary. + The <tt><font size=+1>+</font></tt> may be omitted, so <tt><font size=+1>0/x/</font></tt> addresses the <i>first</i> line in the + buffer with an <tt><font size=+1>x</font></tt>. Enclosing the regular expression in + + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + <tt><font size=+1>?</font></tt> reverses the search direction.<br> + + </table> + 9. If an address begins with <tt><font size=+1>+</font></tt> or <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> the addition or subtraction + is taken with respect to the current line; e.g. <tt><font size=+1>−5</font></tt> is understood + to mean <tt><font size=+1>.−5</font></tt>.<br> + 10. If an address ends with <tt><font size=+1>+</font></tt> or <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt>, then 1 is added (resp. subtracted). + As a consequence of this rule and rule 9, the address <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> refers + to the line before the current line. Moreover, trailing <tt><font size=+1>+</font></tt> and + <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> characters have cumulative effect, so <tt><font size=+1>−−</font></tt> refers to the current + line less 2.<br> + 11. To maintain compatibility with earlier versions of the editor, + the character <tt><font size=+1>^</font></tt> in addresses is equivalent to <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt>. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + Commands may require zero, one, or two addresses. Commands which + require no addresses regard the presence of an address as an error. + Commands which accept one or two addresses assume default addresses + when insufficient are given. If more addresses are given than + a command requires, the last one or two + (depending on what is accepted) are used. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + Addresses are separated from each other typically by a comma <tt><font size=+1>,</font></tt>. + They may also be separated by a semicolon <tt><font size=+1>;</font></tt>. In this case the + current line is set to the previous address before the next address + is interpreted. If no address precedes a comma or semicolon, line + 1 is assumed; if no address follows, the last line of the + buffer is assumed. The second address of any two-address sequence + must correspond to a line following the line corresponding to + the first address. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + In the following list of <i>ed</i> commands, the default addresses are + shown in parentheses. The parentheses are not part of the address, + but are used to show that the given addresses are the default. + ‘Dot’ means the current line.<br> + (<tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>a<br> + </font></tt><text><br> + <tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt> Read the given text and append it after the addressed line. Dot + is left on the last line input, if there were any, otherwise at + the addressed line. Address <tt><font size=+1>0</font></tt> is legal for this command; text + is placed at the beginning of the buffer.<br> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>b</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>+−</font></tt>][<i>pagesize</i>][<tt><font size=+1>pln</font></tt>]<br> + + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Browse. Print a ‘page’, normally 20 lines. The optional <tt><font size=+1>+</font></tt> (default) + or <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> specifies whether the next or previous page is to be printed. + The optional <i>pagesize</i> is the number of lines in a page. The optional + <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>n</font></tt>, or <tt><font size=+1>l</font></tt> causes printing in the specified format, initially + <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt>. Pagesize and format are remembered between <tt><font size=+1>b + </font></tt>commands. Dot is left at the last line displayed.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>c<br> + </font></tt><text><br> + <tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt> Change. Delete the addressed lines, then accept input text to + replace these lines. Dot is left at the last line input; if there + were none, it is left at the line preceding the deleted lines.<br> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>d<br> + </font></tt> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Delete the addressed lines from the buffer. Dot is set to the + line following the last line deleted, or to the last line of the + buffer if the deleted lines had no successor.<br> + + </table> + <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt> <i>filename<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Edit. Delete the entire contents of the buffer; then read the + named file into the buffer. Dot is set to the last line of the + buffer. The number of characters read is typed. The file name + is remembered for possible use in later <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>r</font></tt>, or <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt> commands. If + <i>filename</i> is missing, the remembered name is used. + + </table> + <tt><font size=+1>E</font></tt> <i>filename<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Unconditional <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt>; see ‘<tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt>’ below.<br> + + </table> + <tt><font size=+1>f</font></tt> <i>filename<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Print the currently remembered file name. If <i>filename</i> is given, + the currently remembered file name is first changed to <i>filename</i>.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>1,$</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>g/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>command list<br> + </i>(<tt><font size=+1>1,$</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>g/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/<br> + </font></tt>(<tt><font size=+1>1,$</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>g/</font></tt><i>regular expression<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Global. First mark every line which matches the given <i>regular</i>expression<i>.</i> + Then for every such line, execute the <i>command list</i> with dot initially + set to that line. A single command or the first of multiple commands + appears on the same line with the global command. All lines of + a multi-line list except the last line + must end with <tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt>. The ‘<tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt>’ terminating input mode for an <tt><font size=+1>a</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>i</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>c</font></tt> + command may be omitted if it would be on the last line of the + command list. The commands <tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>v</font></tt> are not permitted in the command + list. Any character other than space or newline may be used instead + of <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt> to delimit the regular expression. + The second and third forms mean <tt><font size=+1>g/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/p</font></tt>.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>i<br> + </font></tt><text><br> + <tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt> Insert the given text before the addressed line. Dot is left + at the last line input, or, if there were none, at the line before + the addressed line. This command differs from the <i>a</i> command only + in the placement of the text.<br> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.+1</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>j<br> + </font></tt> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Join the addressed lines into a single line; intermediate newlines + are deleted. Dot is left at the resulting line.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>k</font></tt><i>x</i>Mark the addressed line with name <i>x</i>, which must be a lower-case + letter. The address form <tt><font size=+1>'</font></tt><i>x</i> then addresses this line.<br> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>l<br> + </font></tt> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + List. Print the addressed lines in an unambiguous way: a tab is + printed as <tt><font size=+1>\t</font></tt>, a backspace as <tt><font size=+1>\b</font></tt>, backslashes as <tt><font size=+1>\\</font></tt>, and non-printing + characters as a backslash, an <tt><font size=+1>x</font></tt>, and four hexadecimal digits. + Long lines are folded, with the second and subsequent sub-lines + indented one tab stop. If the last character in + the line is a blank, it is followed by <tt><font size=+1>\n</font></tt>. An <tt><font size=+1>l</font></tt> may be appended, + like <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt>, to any non-I/O command.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>m</font></tt><i>a<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Move. Reposition the addressed lines after the line addressed + by <i>a</i>. Dot is left at the last moved line.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>n<br> + </font></tt> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Number. Perform <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt>, prefixing each line with its line number and + a tab. An <tt><font size=+1>n</font></tt> may be appended, like <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt>, to any non-I/O command.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>p<br> + </font></tt> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Print the addressed lines. Dot is left at the last line printed. + A <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt> appended to any non-I/O command causes the then current line + to be printed after the command is executed.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>P<br> + </font></tt> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + This command is a synonym for <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt>.<br> + + </table> + <tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt> Quit the editor. No automatic write of a file is done. A <tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt> or + <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt> command is considered to be in error if the buffer has been + modified since the last <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt>, or <tt><font size=+1>e</font></tt> command.<br> + <tt><font size=+1>Q</font></tt> Quit unconditionally.<br> + (<tt><font size=+1>$</font></tt>)r <i>filename<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Read in the given file after the addressed line. If no <i>filename</i> + is given, the remembered file name is used. The file name is remembered + if there were no remembered file name already. If the read is + successful, the number of characters read is printed. Dot is left + at the last line read from the file. + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>s</font></tt><i>n</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>replacement</i><tt><font size=+1>/<br> + </font></tt>(<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>s</font></tt><i>n</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>replacement</i><tt><font size=+1>/g<br> + </font></tt>(<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>s</font></tt><i>n</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>replacement<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Substitute. Search each addressed line for an occurrence of the + specified regular expression. On each line in which <i>n</i> matches + are found (<i>n</i> defaults to 1 if missing), the <i>n</i>th matched string + is replaced by the replacement specified. If the global replacement + indicator <tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt> appears after the command, all subsequent + matches on the line are also replaced. It is an error for the + substitution to fail on all addressed lines. Any character other + than space or newline may be used instead of <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt> to delimit the + regular expression and the replacement. Dot is left at the last + line substituted. The third form means + <tt><font size=+1>s</font></tt><i>n</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>replacement</i><tt><font size=+1>/p</font></tt>. The second <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt> may be omitted + if the replacement is empty.<br> + An ampersand <tt><font size=+1>&</font></tt> appearing in the replacement is replaced by the + string matching the regular expression. The characters <tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt><i>n</i>, where + <i>n</i> is a digit, are replaced by the text matched by the <i>n</i>-th regular + subexpression enclosed between <tt><font size=+1>(</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>)</font></tt>. When nested parenthesized + subexpressions are present, <i>n</i> is + determined by counting occurrences of <tt><font size=+1>(</font></tt> starting from the left.<br> + A literal <tt><font size=+1>&</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt> or newline may be included in a replacement by + prefixing it with <tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt>.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt><i>a<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Transfer. Copy the addressed lines after the line addressed by + <i>a</i>. Dot is left at the last line of the copy.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.,.</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>u<br> + </font></tt> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Undo. Restore the preceding contents of the first addressed line + (sic), which must be the last line in which a substitution was + made (double sic).<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>1,$</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>v/</font></tt><i>regular expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>command list<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + This command is the same as the global command <tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt> except that the + command list is executed with dot initially set to every line + <i>except</i> those matching the regular expression.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>1,$</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt> <i>filename<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Write the addressed lines to the given file. If the file does + not exist, it is created with mode 666 (readable and writable + by everyone). If no <i>filename</i> is given, the remembered file name, + if any, is used. The file name is remembered if there were no + remembered file name already. Dot is unchanged. If the write is + successful, the number of characters written is printed.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>1,$</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>W</font></tt> <i>filename<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Perform <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt>, but append to, instead of overwriting, any existing + file contents.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>$</font></tt>)<tt><font size=+1>=</font></tt> Print the line number of the addressed line. Dot is unchanged.<br> + <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt><i>shell command<br> + </i> + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + Send the remainder of the line after the <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> to <a href="../man1/rc.html"><i>rc</i>(1)</a> to be interpreted + as a command. Dot is unchanged.<br> + + </table> + (<tt><font size=+1>.+1</font></tt>)<newline><br> + + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + An address without a command is taken as a <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt> command. A terminal + <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt> may be omitted from the address. A blank line alone is equivalent + to <tt><font size=+1>.+1p</font></tt>; it is useful for stepping through text. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + + </table> + If an interrupt signal (DEL) is sent, <i>ed</i> prints a <tt><font size=+1>?</font></tt> and returns + to its command level. + <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> + + When reading a file, <i>ed</i> discards NUL characters and all characters + after the last newline.<br> + +</table> +<p><font size=+1><b>FILES </b></font><br> + +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + <tt><font size=+1>/tmp/e*<br> + ed.hup</font></tt> work is saved here if terminal hangs up<br> + +</table> +<p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br> + +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + <tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/ed.c<br> + </font></tt> +</table> +<p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br> + +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + <a href="../man1/sam.html"><i>sam</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/sed.html"><i>sed</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a><br> + +</table> +<p><font size=+1><b>DIAGNOSTICS </b></font><br> + +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> + + <tt><font size=+1>?</font></tt><i>name</i> for inaccessible file; <tt><font size=+1>?TMP</font></tt> for temporary file overflow; + <tt><font size=+1>?</font></tt> for errors in commands or other overflows.<br> + +</table> + +<td width=20> +<tr height=20><td> +</table> +<!-- TRAILER --> +<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> +<tr height=15><td width=10><td><td width=10> +<tr><td><td> +<center> +<a href="../../"><img src="../../dist/spaceglenda100.png" alt="Space Glenda" border=1></a> +</center> +</table> +<!-- TRAILER --> +</body></html> |