9term(1) - Plan 9 from User Space

From 78e51a8c6678b6e3dff3d619aa786669f531f4bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rsc Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2005 03:45:44 +0000 Subject: checkpoint --- man/man1/9term.html | 259 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 259 insertions(+) create mode 100644 man/man1/9term.html (limited to 'man/man1/9term.html') diff --git a/man/man1/9term.html b/man/man1/9term.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7d6a741f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/9term.html @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@ + +9term(1) - Plan 9 from User Space + + + + +

9TERM(1) 9TERM(1) +

+
+

NAME
+ +
+ + 9term – terminal windows
+ +
+

SYNOPSIS
+ +
+ + 9term [ −as ] [ −f font ] [ cmd ... ]
+ +
+

DESCRIPTION
+ +
+ + 9term is a terminal window program for the X Window System, providing + an interface similar to that used on Plan 9.
+
Command
+ The 9term command starts a new window. +
+ + The −a flag causes button 2 to send the selection immediately, + like acme. Otherwise button 2 brings up a menu, described below. + +
+ + The −s option initializes windows so that text scrolls; the default + is not to scroll. +
+ + The font argument to −f names a font used to display text, both + in 9term’s menus and as a default for any programs running in + its windows; it also establishes the environment variable $font. + If −f is not given, 9term uses the imported value of $font if + set; otherwise it uses the graphics system default. +
+ + 9term runs the given command in the window, or $SHELL if no command + is given.
+
Text windows
+ Characters typed on the keyboard collect in the window to form + a long, continuous document. +
+ + There is always some selected text, a contiguous string marked + on the screen by reversing its color. If the selected text is + a null string, it is indicated by a hairline cursor between two + characters. The selected text may be edited by mousing and typing. + Text is selected by pointing and clicking button 1 to make a null- + string selection, or by pointing, then sweeping with button 1 + pressed. Text may also be selected by double-clicking: just inside + a matched delimiter-pair with one of {[(<`'" on the left and }])>`'" + on the right, it selects all text within the pair; at the beginning + or end of a line, it selects the line; within or at the + edge of an alphanumeric word, it selects the word. +
+ + Characters typed on the keyboard replace the selected text; if + this text is not empty, it is placed in a snarf buffer common + to all windows but distinct from that of sam(1). +
+ + Programs access the text in the window at a single point maintained + automatically by 9term. The output point is the location in the + text where the next character written by a program to the terminal + will appear; afterwards, the output point is the null string beyond + the new character. The output point is also the location + in the text of the next character that will be read (directly + from the text in the window, not from an intervening buffer) by + a program. Since Unix does not make it possible to know when a + program is reading the terminal, lines are sent as they are completed + (when the user types a newline character). +
+ + In general there is text in the window after the output point, + usually placed there by typing but occasionally by the editing + operations described below. A pending read of the terminal will + block until the text after the output point contains a newline, + whereupon the read may acquire the text, up to and including the + newline. After the read, as described above, the output point + will be at the beginning of the next line of text. In normal circumstances, + therefore, typed text is delivered to programs a line at a time. + Changes made by typing or editing before the text is read will + not be seen by the program reading it. Because of the + Unix issues mentioned above, a line of text is only editable until + it is completed with a newline character, or when hold mode (see + below) is enabled. +
+ + Even when there are newlines in the output text, 9term will not + honor reads if the window is in hold mode, which is indicated + by a white cursor and blue text and border. The ESC character + toggles hold mode. Some programs automatically turn on hold mode + to simplify the editing of multi-line text; type ESC when done + to allow mail to read the text. +
+ + An EOT character (control-D) behaves exactly like newline except + that it is not delivered to a program when read. Thus on an empty + line an EOT serves to deliver an end-of-file indication: the read + will return zero characters. The BS character (control-H) erases + the character before the selected text. The ETB character + (control-W) erases any nonalphanumeric characters, then the alphanumeric + word just before the selected text. ‘Alphanumeric’ here means + non-blanks and non-punctuation. The NAK character (control-U) + erases the text after the output point, and not yet read by a + program, but not more than one line. All these + characters are typed on the keyboard and hence replace the selected + text; for example, typing a BS with a word selected places the + word in the snarf buffer, removes it from the screen, and erases + the character before the word. +
+ + An ACK character (control-F) or Insert character triggers file + name completion for the preceding string (see complete(3)). +
+ + Text may be moved vertically within the window. A scroll bar on + the left of the window shows in its clear portion what fragment + of the total output text is visible on the screen, and in its + gray part what is above or below view; it measures characters, + not lines. Mousing inside the scroll bar moves text: clicking + button 1 + with the mouse pointing inside the scroll bar brings the line + at the top of the window to the cursor’s vertical location; button + 3 takes the line at the cursor to the top of the window; button + 2, treating the scroll bar as a ruler, jumps to the indicated + portion of the stored text. Holding a button pressed in the scroll + bar will + cause the text to scroll continuously until the button is released. + +
+ + Typing down-arrow scrolls forward one third of a window, and up-arrow + scrolls back. Typing page-down scrolls forward two thirds of a + window, and page-up scrolls back. Typing Home scrolls to the top + of the window; typing End scrolls to the end. +
+ + The DEL character sends an interrupt note to all processes in + the window’s process group. Unlike the other characters, the DEL + and arrow keys do not affect the selected text. The left (right) + arrow key moves the selection to one character before (after) + the current selection. +
+ + 9term relies on the kernel’s terminal processing to handle EOT + and DEL, so the terminal must be set up with EOT as the “eof” + character and DEL as the “intr” character. 9term runs stty(1) + to establish this when the terminal is created. +
+ + Normally, written output to a window blocks when the text reaches + the end of the screen and the terminal buffer fills; a button + 2 menu item toggles scrolling. +
+ + 9term changes behavior according to the terminal settings of the + running programs. Most programs run with echo enabled. In this + mode, 9term displays and allows editing of the input. Some programs, + typically those reading passwords, run with echo disabled. In + this mode, 9term passes keystrokes through directly, + without echoing them or buffering until a newline character. These + heuristics work well in many cases, but there are a few common + ones where they fall short. First, programs using the GNU readline + library typically disable terminal echo and perform echoing themselves. + The most common example is the shell + bash(1). Disabling the use of readline with “set +o emacs” [sic] + usually restores the desired behavior. Second, remote terminal + programs such as ssh(1) typically run with echo disabled, relying + on the remote system to echo characters as desired. Plan 9’s ssh + has a −C flag to disable this, leaving the terminal in + “cooked” mode. For similar situations on Unix, 9term’s button + 2 menu has an entry to toggle the forced use of cooked mode, despite + the terminal settings. In such cases, it is useful to run “stty + −echo” on the remote system to avoid seeing your input twice. + +
+ + Editing operations are selected from a menu on button 2. The cut + operation deletes the selected text from the screen and puts it + in the snarf buffer; snarf copies the selected text to the buffer + without deleting it; paste replaces the selected text with the + contents of the buffer; and send copies the snarf buffer to + just after the output point, adding a final newline if missing. + Paste will sometimes and send will always place text after the + output point; the text so placed will behave exactly as described + above. Therefore when pasting text containing newlines after the + output point, it may be prudent to turn on hold mode first. +
+ + The plumb menu item sends the contents of the selection (not the + snarf buffer) to the plumber (see plumb(1)). If the selection + is empty, it sends the white-space-delimited text containing the + selection (typing cursor). A typical use of this feature is to + tell the editor to find the source of an error by plumbing the + file and + line information in a compiler’s diagnostic. +
+ + Each 9term listens for connections on a Unix socket. When a client + connects, the 9term writes the window contents to the client and + then hangs up. 9term installs the name of this socket in the environment + as $text9term before running cmd.
+ +
+

SOURCE
+ +
+ + /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/9term + +
+

BUGS
+ +
+ + There should be a program to toggle the current window’s hold + mode. +
+ + Unix makes everything harder.
+ +
+

SEE ALSO
+ +
+ + wintext(1)
+ +
+ +

+ + +

		+
	+ + + +

+ + -- cgit v1.2.3