map(1) - Plan 9 from User Space

From 78e51a8c6678b6e3dff3d619aa786669f531f4bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rsc Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2005 03:45:44 +0000 Subject: checkpoint --- man/man1/map.html | 483 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 483 insertions(+) create mode 100644 man/man1/map.html (limited to 'man/man1/map.html') diff --git a/man/man1/map.html b/man/man1/map.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6ed18ccb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/map.html @@ -0,0 +1,483 @@ + +map(1) - Plan 9 from User Space + + + + +

MAP(1) MAP(1) +

+
+

NAME
+ +
+ + map, mapdemo, mapd – draw maps on various projections
+ +
+

SYNOPSIS
+ +
+ + map projection [ option ... ] +
+ + mapdemo + + + +
+

DESCRIPTION
+ +
+ + Map prepares on the standard output a map suitable for display + by any plotting filter described in plot(1). A menu of projections + is produced in response to an unknown projection. Mapdemo is a + short course in mapping. +
+ + The default data for map are world shorelines. Option −f accesses + more detailed data classified by feature.
+ −f [ feature ... ]
+ +
+ + Features are ranked 1 (default) to 4 from major to minor. Higher-numbered + ranks include all lower-numbered ones. Features are
+ shore[1-4]      seacoasts, lakes, and islands; option −f always shows + shore1 + ilake[1-2]      intermittent lakes
+ river[1-4]      rivers
+ iriver[1-3]     intermittent rivers
+ canal[1-3]      3=irrigation canals
+ glacier + iceshelf[12]
+ reef + saltpan[12]
+ country[1-3]    2=disputed boundaries, 3=indefinite boundaries
+ state          states and provinces (US and Canada only)
+ +
+ + +
+ In other options coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude + and west longitude counted as positive.
+ −l S N E W
+ +
+ + Set the southern and northern latitude and the eastern and western + longitude limits. Missing arguments are filled out from the list + –90, 90, –180, 180, or lesser limits suitable to the projection + at hand.
+ +
+ −k S N E W
+ +
+ + Set the scale as if for a map with limits −l S N E W . Do not + consider any −l or −w option in setting scale.
+ +
+ −o lat lon rot
+ +
+ + Orient the map in a nonstandard position. Imagine a transparent + gridded sphere around the globe. Turn the overlay about the North + Pole so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0) of the overlay coincides + with meridian lon on the globe. Then tilt the North Pole of the + overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude lat + on the globe. Finally again turn the overlay about its ‘North + Pole’ so that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position + of meridian rot. Project the map in the standard form appropriate + to the overlay, but presenting information from the underlying + globe. Missing arguments are filled out from the list + 90, 0, 0. In the absence of −o, the orientation is 90, 0, m, where + m is the middle of the longitude range.
+ +
+ −w S N E W
+ +
+ + Window the map by the specified latitudes and longitudes in the + tilted, rotated coordinate system. Missing arguments are filled + out from the list –90, 90, –180, 180. (It is wise to give an encompassing + −l option with −w. Otherwise for small windows computing time + varies inversely with area!) + +
+ −d n   For speed, plot only every nth point.
+ −r    Reverse left and right (good for star charts and inside-out + views).
+ −v    Verso. Switch to a normally suppressed sheet of the map, such + as the back side of the earth in orthographic projection.
+ −s1 + −s2   Superpose; outputs for a −s1 map (no closing) and a −s2 map + (no opening) may be concatenated.
+ −g dlat dlon res
+ +
+ + Grid spacings are dlat, dlon. Zero spacing means no grid. Missing + dlat is taken to be zero. Missing dlon is taken the same as dlat. + Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of res (2° or less by default). + In the absence of −g, grid spacing is 10°.
+ +
+ −p lat lon extent
+ +
+ + Position the point lat, lon at the center of the plotting area. + Scale the map so that the height (and width) of the nominal plotting + area is extent times the size of one degree of latitude at the + center. By default maps are scaled and positioned to fit within + the plotting area. An extent overrides option −k. + +
+ −c x y rot
+ +
+ + After all other positioning and scaling operations have been performed, + rotate the image rot degrees counterclockwise about the center + and move the center to position x, y, where the nominal plotting + area is –1≤x≤1, –1≤y≤1. Missing arguments are taken to be 0. −x Allow + the map to extend outside the + nominal plotting area.
+ +
+ −m [ file ... ]
+ +
+ + Use map data from named files. If no files are named, omit map + data. Names that do not exist as pathnames are looked up in a + standard directory, which contains, in addition to the data for + −f,
+ +
+ + world      World Data Bank I (default)
+ states     US map from Census Bureau
+ counties   US map from Census Bureau
+ The environment variables MAP and MAPDIR change the default map + and default directory.
+ +
+ −b [lat0 lon0 lat1 lon1... ]
+ +
+ + Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary (defined by options + −l and −w). Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a + polygon to which the map is clipped. If only two vertices are + given, they are taken to be the diagonal of a rectangle. To draw + the polygon, give its vertices as a −u track. + +
+ −t file ...
+ +
+ + The files contain lists of points, given as latitude-longitude + pairs in degrees. If the first file is named −, the standard input + is taken instead. The points of each list are plotted as connected + ‘tracks’.
+ Points in a track file may be followed by label strings. A label + breaks the track. A label may be prefixed by ", :, or ! and is + terminated by a newline. An unprefixed string or a string prefixed + with " is displayed at the designated point. The first word of + a : or ! string names a special symbol (see option −y). + An optional numerical second word is a scale factor for the size + of the symbol, 1 by default. A : symbol is aligned with its top + to the north; a ! symbol is aligned vertically on the page.
+ +
+ −u file ...
+ +
+ + Same as −t, except the tracks are unbroken lines. (−t tracks appear + as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)
+ +
+ −y file
+ +
+ + The file contains plot(7)-style data for : or ! labels in −t or + −u files. Each symbol is defined by a comment :name then a sequence + of m and v commands. Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point. + Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were ra −1 + −1 1 1; ra commands in file change the + scaling.
+ +
+
Projections
+ Equatorial projections centered on the Prime Meridian (longitude + 0). Parallels are straight horizontal lines. +
+ + mercator         equally spaced straight meridians, conformal, straight + compass courses
+ sinusoidal       equally spaced parallels, equal-area, same as bonne + 0.
+ cylequalarea lat0   equally spaced straight meridians, equal-area, + true scale on lat0
+ cylindrical      central projection on tangent cylinder
+ rectangular lat0   equally spaced parallels, equally spaced straight + meridians, true scale on lat0
+ gall lat0          parallels spaced stereographically on prime meridian, + equally spaced straight meridians, true scale on lat0
+ mollweide        (homalographic) equal-area, hemisphere is a circle
+ +
+ + +
+ + gilbert() sphere conformally mapped on hemisphere and viewed orthographically
+ +
+ +
+ gilbert          globe mapped conformally on hemisphere, viewed orthographically + +
+ + Azimuthal projections centered on the North Pole. Parallels are + concentric circles. Meridians are equally spaced radial lines. + +
+ + azequidistant     equally spaced parallels, true distances from pole
+ azequalarea      equal-area
+ gnomonic         central projection on tangent plane, straight great circles
+ perspective dist   viewed along earth’s axis dist earth radii from + center of earth
+ orthographic      viewed from infinity
+ stereographic     conformal, projected from opposite pole
+ laueradius = tan(2×colatitude), used in X-ray crystallography
+ fisheye n         stereographic seen from just inside medium with refractive + index n
+ newyorker rradius = log(colatitude/r): New Yorker map from viewing + pedestal of radius r degrees +
+ + Polar conic projections symmetric about the Prime Meridian. Parallels + are segments of concentric circles. Except in the Bonne projection, + meridians are equally spaced radial lines orthogonal to the parallels. + +
+ + conic lat0         central projection on cone tangent at lat0
+ simpleconic lat0 lat1
+ +
+ + +
+ + equally spaced parallels, true scale on lat0 and lat1
+ +
+ +
+ lambert lat0 lat1    conformal, true scale on lat0 and lat1
+ albers lat0 lat1     equal-area, true scale on lat0 and lat1
+ bonne lat0         equally spaced parallels, equal-area, parallel lat0 + developed from tangent cone +
+ + Projections with bilateral symmetry about the Prime Meridian and + the equator. +
+ + polyconic        parallels developed from tangent cones, equally spaced + along Prime Meridian
+ aitoff           equal-area projection of globe onto 2-to-1 ellipse, based + on azequalarea
+ lagrange         conformal, maps whole sphere into a circle
+ bicentric lon0     points plotted at true azimuth from two centers + on the equator at longitudes ±lon0, great circles are straight + lines (a stretched gnomonic )
+ elliptic lon0      points plotted at true distance from two centers + on the equator at longitudes ±lon0
+ globular         hemisphere is circle, circular arc meridians equally spaced + on equator, circular arc parallels equally spaced on 0- and 90-degree + meridians
+ vandergrinten     sphere is circle, meridians as in globular, circular + arc parallels resemble mercator +
+ + Doubly periodic conformal projections. +
+ + guyou            W and E hemispheres are square
+ square           world is square with Poles at diagonally opposite corners
+ tetra            map on tetrahedron with edge tangent to Prime Meridian at + S Pole, unfolded into equilateral triangle
+ hex              world is hexagon centered on N Pole, N and S hemispheres are + equilateral triangles +
+ + Miscellaneous projections. +
+ + harrison dist angleoblique perspective from above the North Pole, + dist earth radii from center of earth, looking along the Date + Line angle degrees off vertical
+ trapezoidal lat0 lat1
+ +
+ + +
+ + equally spaced parallels, straight meridians equally spaced along + parallels, true scale at lat0 and lat1 on Prime Meridian
+ lune(lat,angle) conformal, polar cap above latitude lat maps to + convex lune with given angle at 90°E and 90°W +
+ + +
+ +
+ Retroazimuthal projections. At every point the angle between vertical + and a straight line to ‘Mecca’, latitude lat0 on the prime meridian, + is the true bearing of Mecca. +
+ + mecca lat0         equally spaced vertical meridians
+ homing lat0        distances to Mecca are true +
+ + Maps based on the spheroid. Of geodetic quality, these projections + do not make sense for tilted orientations. For descriptions, see + corresponding maps above. +
+ + sp_mercator + sp_albers lat0 lat1
+ +
+

EXAMPLES
+ +
+ + map perspective 1.025 −o 40.75 74 + +
+ + A view looking down on New York from 100 miles (0.025 of the 4000-mile + earth radius) up. The job can be done faster by limiting the map + so as not to ‘plot’ the invisible part of the world: map perspective + 1.025 −o 40.75 74 −l 20 60 30 100. A circular border can be forced + by adding option + −w 77.33. (Latitude 77.33° falls just inside a polar cap of opening + angle arccos(1/1.025) = 12.6804°.)
+ +
+ map mercator −o 49.25 −106 180 + +
+ + An ‘equatorial’ map of the earth centered on New York. The pole + of the map is placed 90° away (40.75+49.25=90) on the other side + of the earth. A 180° twist around the pole of the map arranges + that the ‘Prime Meridian’ of the map runs from the pole of the + map over the North Pole to New York instead of + down the back side of the earth. The same effect can be had from + map mercator −o 130.75 74 + +
+ map albers 28 45 −l 20 50 60 130 −m states + +
+ + A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.
+ +
+ map harrison 2 30 −l −90 90 120 240 −o 90 0 0 + +
+ + A fan view covering 60° on either side of the Date Line, as seen + from one earth radius above the North Pole gazing at the earth’s + limb, which is 30° off vertical. The −o option overrides the default + −o 90 0 180, which would rotate the scene to behind the observer.
+ +
+ +
+

FILES
+ +
+ + /lib/map/[1−4]?? World Data Bank II, for −f + /lib/map/* maps for −m + /lib/map/*.x map indexes
+ mapd Map driver program
+ +
+

SOURCE
+ +
+ + /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/map + +
+

SEE ALSO
+ +
+ + map(7), plot(1)
+ +
+

DIAGNOSTICS
+ +
+ + ‘Map seems to be empty’--a coarse survey found zero extent within + the −l and −w bounds; for maps of limited extent the grid resolution, + res, or the limits may have to be refined.
+ +
+

BUGS
+ +
+ + Windows (option −w) cannot cross the Date Line. No borders appear + along edges arising from visibility limits. Segments that cross + a border are dropped, not clipped. Excessively large scale or + −d setting may cause long line segments to be dropped. Map tries + to draw grid lines dotted and −t tracks dot-dashed. As + very few plotting filters properly support curved textured lines, + these lines are likely to appear solid. The west-longitude-positive + convention betrays Yankee chauvinism. Gilbert should be a map + from sphere to sphere, independent of the mapping from sphere + to plane.
+ +
+ +

+ + +

		+
	+ + + +

+ + -- cgit v1.2.3