map(1) - Plan 9 from User Space

From adc93f6097615f16d57e8a24a256302f2144ec4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rsc Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2005 17:37:50 +0000 Subject: cut out the html - they're going to cause diffing problems. --- man/man1/map.html | 483 ------------------------------------------------------ 1 file changed, 483 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 man/man1/map.html (limited to 'man/man1/map.html') diff --git a/man/man1/map.html b/man/man1/map.html deleted file mode 100644 index 6ed18ccb..00000000 --- a/man/man1/map.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,483 +0,0 @@ - -map(1) - Plan 9 from User Space - - - - -

MAP(1) MAP(1) -

-
-

NAME
- -
- - map, mapdemo, mapd – draw maps on various projections
- -
-

SYNOPSIS
- -
- - map projection [ option ... ] -
- - mapdemo - - - -
-

DESCRIPTION
- -
- - Map prepares on the standard output a map suitable for display - by any plotting filter described in plot(1). A menu of projections - is produced in response to an unknown projection. Mapdemo is a - short course in mapping. -
- - The default data for map are world shorelines. Option −f accesses - more detailed data classified by feature.
- −f [ feature ... ]
- -
- - Features are ranked 1 (default) to 4 from major to minor. Higher-numbered - ranks include all lower-numbered ones. Features are
- shore[1-4]      seacoasts, lakes, and islands; option −f always shows - shore1 - ilake[1-2]      intermittent lakes
- river[1-4]      rivers
- iriver[1-3]     intermittent rivers
- canal[1-3]      3=irrigation canals
- glacier - iceshelf[12]
- reef - saltpan[12]
- country[1-3]    2=disputed boundaries, 3=indefinite boundaries
- state          states and provinces (US and Canada only)
- -
- - -
- In other options coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude - and west longitude counted as positive.
- −l S N E W
- -
- - Set the southern and northern latitude and the eastern and western - longitude limits. Missing arguments are filled out from the list - –90, 90, –180, 180, or lesser limits suitable to the projection - at hand.
- -
- −k S N E W
- -
- - Set the scale as if for a map with limits −l S N E W . Do not - consider any −l or −w option in setting scale.
- -
- −o lat lon rot
- -
- - Orient the map in a nonstandard position. Imagine a transparent - gridded sphere around the globe. Turn the overlay about the North - Pole so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0) of the overlay coincides - with meridian lon on the globe. Then tilt the North Pole of the - overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude lat - on the globe. Finally again turn the overlay about its ‘North - Pole’ so that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position - of meridian rot. Project the map in the standard form appropriate - to the overlay, but presenting information from the underlying - globe. Missing arguments are filled out from the list - 90, 0, 0. In the absence of −o, the orientation is 90, 0, m, where - m is the middle of the longitude range.
- -
- −w S N E W
- -
- - Window the map by the specified latitudes and longitudes in the - tilted, rotated coordinate system. Missing arguments are filled - out from the list –90, 90, –180, 180. (It is wise to give an encompassing - −l option with −w. Otherwise for small windows computing time - varies inversely with area!) - -
- −d n   For speed, plot only every nth point.
- −r    Reverse left and right (good for star charts and inside-out - views).
- −v    Verso. Switch to a normally suppressed sheet of the map, such - as the back side of the earth in orthographic projection.
- −s1 - −s2   Superpose; outputs for a −s1 map (no closing) and a −s2 map - (no opening) may be concatenated.
- −g dlat dlon res
- -
- - Grid spacings are dlat, dlon. Zero spacing means no grid. Missing - dlat is taken to be zero. Missing dlon is taken the same as dlat. - Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of res (2° or less by default). - In the absence of −g, grid spacing is 10°.
- -
- −p lat lon extent
- -
- - Position the point lat, lon at the center of the plotting area. - Scale the map so that the height (and width) of the nominal plotting - area is extent times the size of one degree of latitude at the - center. By default maps are scaled and positioned to fit within - the plotting area. An extent overrides option −k. - -
- −c x y rot
- -
- - After all other positioning and scaling operations have been performed, - rotate the image rot degrees counterclockwise about the center - and move the center to position x, y, where the nominal plotting - area is –1≤x≤1, –1≤y≤1. Missing arguments are taken to be 0. −x Allow - the map to extend outside the - nominal plotting area.
- -
- −m [ file ... ]
- -
- - Use map data from named files. If no files are named, omit map - data. Names that do not exist as pathnames are looked up in a - standard directory, which contains, in addition to the data for - −f,
- -
- - world      World Data Bank I (default)
- states     US map from Census Bureau
- counties   US map from Census Bureau
- The environment variables MAP and MAPDIR change the default map - and default directory.
- -
- −b [lat0 lon0 lat1 lon1... ]
- -
- - Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary (defined by options - −l and −w). Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a - polygon to which the map is clipped. If only two vertices are - given, they are taken to be the diagonal of a rectangle. To draw - the polygon, give its vertices as a −u track. - -
- −t file ...
- -
- - The files contain lists of points, given as latitude-longitude - pairs in degrees. If the first file is named −, the standard input - is taken instead. The points of each list are plotted as connected - ‘tracks’.
- Points in a track file may be followed by label strings. A label - breaks the track. A label may be prefixed by ", :, or ! and is - terminated by a newline. An unprefixed string or a string prefixed - with " is displayed at the designated point. The first word of - a : or ! string names a special symbol (see option −y). - An optional numerical second word is a scale factor for the size - of the symbol, 1 by default. A : symbol is aligned with its top - to the north; a ! symbol is aligned vertically on the page.
- -
- −u file ...
- -
- - Same as −t, except the tracks are unbroken lines. (−t tracks appear - as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)
- -
- −y file
- -
- - The file contains plot(7)-style data for : or ! labels in −t or - −u files. Each symbol is defined by a comment :name then a sequence - of m and v commands. Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point. - Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were ra −1 - −1 1 1; ra commands in file change the - scaling.
- -
-
Projections
- Equatorial projections centered on the Prime Meridian (longitude - 0). Parallels are straight horizontal lines. -
- - mercator         equally spaced straight meridians, conformal, straight - compass courses
- sinusoidal       equally spaced parallels, equal-area, same as bonne - 0.
- cylequalarea lat0   equally spaced straight meridians, equal-area, - true scale on lat0
- cylindrical      central projection on tangent cylinder
- rectangular lat0   equally spaced parallels, equally spaced straight - meridians, true scale on lat0
- gall lat0          parallels spaced stereographically on prime meridian, - equally spaced straight meridians, true scale on lat0
- mollweide        (homalographic) equal-area, hemisphere is a circle
- -
- - -
- - gilbert() sphere conformally mapped on hemisphere and viewed orthographically
- -
- -
- gilbert          globe mapped conformally on hemisphere, viewed orthographically - -
- - Azimuthal projections centered on the North Pole. Parallels are - concentric circles. Meridians are equally spaced radial lines. - -
- - azequidistant     equally spaced parallels, true distances from pole
- azequalarea      equal-area
- gnomonic         central projection on tangent plane, straight great circles
- perspective dist   viewed along earth’s axis dist earth radii from - center of earth
- orthographic      viewed from infinity
- stereographic     conformal, projected from opposite pole
- laueradius = tan(2×colatitude), used in X-ray crystallography
- fisheye n         stereographic seen from just inside medium with refractive - index n
- newyorker rradius = log(colatitude/r): New Yorker map from viewing - pedestal of radius r degrees -
- - Polar conic projections symmetric about the Prime Meridian. Parallels - are segments of concentric circles. Except in the Bonne projection, - meridians are equally spaced radial lines orthogonal to the parallels. - -
- - conic lat0         central projection on cone tangent at lat0
- simpleconic lat0 lat1
- -
- - -
- - equally spaced parallels, true scale on lat0 and lat1
- -
- -
- lambert lat0 lat1    conformal, true scale on lat0 and lat1
- albers lat0 lat1     equal-area, true scale on lat0 and lat1
- bonne lat0         equally spaced parallels, equal-area, parallel lat0 - developed from tangent cone -
- - Projections with bilateral symmetry about the Prime Meridian and - the equator. -
- - polyconic        parallels developed from tangent cones, equally spaced - along Prime Meridian
- aitoff           equal-area projection of globe onto 2-to-1 ellipse, based - on azequalarea
- lagrange         conformal, maps whole sphere into a circle
- bicentric lon0     points plotted at true azimuth from two centers - on the equator at longitudes ±lon0, great circles are straight - lines (a stretched gnomonic )
- elliptic lon0      points plotted at true distance from two centers - on the equator at longitudes ±lon0
- globular         hemisphere is circle, circular arc meridians equally spaced - on equator, circular arc parallels equally spaced on 0- and 90-degree - meridians
- vandergrinten     sphere is circle, meridians as in globular, circular - arc parallels resemble mercator -
- - Doubly periodic conformal projections. -
- - guyou            W and E hemispheres are square
- square           world is square with Poles at diagonally opposite corners
- tetra            map on tetrahedron with edge tangent to Prime Meridian at - S Pole, unfolded into equilateral triangle
- hex              world is hexagon centered on N Pole, N and S hemispheres are - equilateral triangles -
- - Miscellaneous projections. -
- - harrison dist angleoblique perspective from above the North Pole, - dist earth radii from center of earth, looking along the Date - Line angle degrees off vertical
- trapezoidal lat0 lat1
- -
- - -
- - equally spaced parallels, straight meridians equally spaced along - parallels, true scale at lat0 and lat1 on Prime Meridian
- lune(lat,angle) conformal, polar cap above latitude lat maps to - convex lune with given angle at 90°E and 90°W -
- - -
- -
- Retroazimuthal projections. At every point the angle between vertical - and a straight line to ‘Mecca’, latitude lat0 on the prime meridian, - is the true bearing of Mecca. -
- - mecca lat0         equally spaced vertical meridians
- homing lat0        distances to Mecca are true -
- - Maps based on the spheroid. Of geodetic quality, these projections - do not make sense for tilted orientations. For descriptions, see - corresponding maps above. -
- - sp_mercator - sp_albers lat0 lat1
- -
-

EXAMPLES
- -
- - map perspective 1.025 −o 40.75 74 - -
- - A view looking down on New York from 100 miles (0.025 of the 4000-mile - earth radius) up. The job can be done faster by limiting the map - so as not to ‘plot’ the invisible part of the world: map perspective - 1.025 −o 40.75 74 −l 20 60 30 100. A circular border can be forced - by adding option - −w 77.33. (Latitude 77.33° falls just inside a polar cap of opening - angle arccos(1/1.025) = 12.6804°.)
- -
- map mercator −o 49.25 −106 180 - -
- - An ‘equatorial’ map of the earth centered on New York. The pole - of the map is placed 90° away (40.75+49.25=90) on the other side - of the earth. A 180° twist around the pole of the map arranges - that the ‘Prime Meridian’ of the map runs from the pole of the - map over the North Pole to New York instead of - down the back side of the earth. The same effect can be had from - map mercator −o 130.75 74 - -
- map albers 28 45 −l 20 50 60 130 −m states - -
- - A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.
- -
- map harrison 2 30 −l −90 90 120 240 −o 90 0 0 - -
- - A fan view covering 60° on either side of the Date Line, as seen - from one earth radius above the North Pole gazing at the earth’s - limb, which is 30° off vertical. The −o option overrides the default - −o 90 0 180, which would rotate the scene to behind the observer.
- -
- -
-

FILES
- -
- - /lib/map/[1−4]?? World Data Bank II, for −f - /lib/map/* maps for −m - /lib/map/*.x map indexes
- mapd Map driver program
- -
-

SOURCE
- -
- - /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/map - -
-

SEE ALSO
- -
- - map(7), plot(1)
- -
-

DIAGNOSTICS
- -
- - ‘Map seems to be empty’--a coarse survey found zero extent within - the −l and −w bounds; for maps of limited extent the grid resolution, - res, or the limits may have to be refined.
- -
-

BUGS
- -
- - Windows (option −w) cannot cross the Date Line. No borders appear - along edges arising from visibility limits. Segments that cross - a border are dropped, not clipped. Excessively large scale or - −d setting may cause long line segments to be dropped. Map tries - to draw grid lines dotted and −t tracks dot-dashed. As - very few plotting filters properly support curved textured lines, - these lines are likely to appear solid. The west-longitude-positive - convention betrays Yankee chauvinism. Gilbert should be a map - from sphere to sphere, independent of the mapping from sphere - to plane.
- -
- -

- - -

		-
	- - - -

- - -- cgit v1.2.3