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+
+Unicode versions of the X11 "misc-fixed-*" fonts
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Markus Kuhn <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> -- 2003-01-17
+
+
+This package contains the X Window System bitmap fonts
+
+   -Misc-Fixed-*-*-*--*-*-*-*-C-*-ISO10646-1
+
+These are Unicode (ISO 10646-1) extensions of the classic ISO 8859-1
+X11 terminal fonts that are widely used with many X11 applications
+such as xterm, emacs, etc.
+
+COVERAGE
+--------
+
+None of these fonts covers Unicode completely. Complete coverage
+simply would not make much sense here. Unicode 3.0 contains over 49000
+characters, and the large majority of them are Chinese/Japanese/Korean
+Han ideographs (~28000) and Korean Hangul Syllables (~11000) that
+cannot adequately be displayed in the small pixel sizes of the fixed
+fonts. Similarly, Arabic characters are difficult to fit nicely
+together with European characters into the fixed character cells and
+X11 lacks the ligature substitution mechanisms required for using
+Indic scripts.
+
+Therefore these fonts primarily attempt to cover Unicode subsets that
+fit together with European scripts. This includes the Latin, Greek,
+Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian, and Hebrew scripts, plus a lot of
+linguistic, technical and mathematical symbols. Some of the fixed
+fonts now also cover Arabic, Thai, Ethiopian, halfwidth Katakana, and
+some other non-European scripts.
+
+We have defined 3 different target character repertoires (ISO 10646-1
+subsets) that the various fonts were checked against for minimal
+guaranteed coverage:
+
+  TARGET1    616 characters
+             Covers all characters of ISO 8859 part 1-5,7-10,13-16,
+             CEN MES-1, ISO 6937, Microsoft CP1251/CP1252, DEC VT100
+             graphics symbols, and the replacement and default
+             character. It is intended for small bold, italic, and
+             proportional fonts, for which adding block graphics
+             characters would make little sense. This repertoire
+             covers the following ISO 10646-1:2000 collections
+             completely: 1-3, 8, 12.
+
+  TARGET2    885 characters
+             Adds to TARGET1 the characters of the Adobe/Microsoft
+             Windows Glyph List 4 (WGL4), plus a selected set of
+             mathematical characters (covering most of ISO 31-11
+             high-school level math symbols) and some combining
+             characters. It is intended to be covered by all normal
+             "fixed" fonts and covers all European IBM, Microsoft, and
+             Macintosh character sets. This repertoire covers the
+             following ISO 10646-1:2000 (including Amd 1:2002)
+             collections completely: 1-3, 8, 12, 33, 45.
+
+  TARGET3    3228 characters
+
+             Adds to TARGET2 all characters of all European scripts
+             (Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian), all
+             phonetic alphabet symbols, many mathematical symbols
+             (including all those available in LaTeX), all typographic
+             punctuation, all box-drawing characters, control code
+             pictures, graphical shapes and some more that you would
+             expect in a very comprehensive Unicode 3.2 font for
+             European users. It is intended for some of the more
+             useful and more widely used normal "fixed" fonts. This
+             repertoire is a superset of all graphical characters in
+             CEN MES-3A and covers the following ISO 10646-1:2000
+             (including Amd 1:2002) collections completely: 1-12, 27,
+             30-31, 32 (only graphical characters), 33-42, 44-47, 63,
+             65, 70 (only graphical characters).
+
+CURRENT STATUS:
+
+   6x13.bdf 8x13.bdf 9x15.bdf 9x18.bdf 10x20.bdf:
+
+     Complete (TARGET3 reached and checked)
+
+   5x7.bdf 5x8.bdf 6x9.bdf 6x10.bdf 6x12.bdf 7x13.bdf 7x14.bdf clR6x12.bdf:
+
+     Complete (TARGET2 reached and checked)
+
+   6x13B.bdf 7x13B.bdf 7x14B.bdf 8x13B.bdf 9x15B.bdf 9x18B.bdf:
+
+     Complete (TARGET1 reached and checked)
+
+   6x13O.bdf 7x13O.bdf 8x13O.bdf
+
+     Complete (TARGET1 minus Hebrew and block graphics)
+
+The supplement package
+
+  http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts-asian.tar.gz
+
+contains the following additional square fonts with Han characters for
+East Asian users:
+
+   12x13ja.bdf:
+
+     Covers TARGET2, JIS X 0208, Hangul, and a few more. This font is
+     primarily intended to provide Japanese full-width Hiragana,
+     Katakana, and Kanji for applications that take the remaining
+     ("halfwidth") characters from 6x13.bdf. The Greek lowercase
+     characters in it are still a bit ugly and will need some work.
+
+  18x18ja.bdf:
+
+     Covers all JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212, GB 2312-80, KS X 1001:1992,
+     ISO 8859-1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,15, CP437, CP850 and CP1252 characters,
+     plus a few more, where priority was given to Japanese han style
+     variants. This font should have everything needed to cover the
+     full ISO-2022-JP-2 (RFC 1554) repertoire. This font is primarily
+     intended to provide Japanese full-width Hiragana, Katakana, and
+     Kanji for applications that take the remaining ("halfwidth")
+     characters from 9x18.bdf.
+
+  18x18ko.bdf:
+
+     Covers the same repertoire as 18x18ja plus full coverage of all
+     Hangul syllables and priority was given to Hanja glyphs in the
+     unified CJK area as they are used for writing Korean.
+
+The 9x18 and 6x12 fonts are recommended for use with overstriking
+combining characters.
+
+Bug reports, suggestions for improvement, and especially contributed
+extensions are very welcome!
+
+INSTALLATION
+------------
+
+You install the fonts under Unix roughly like this (details depending
+on your system of course):
+
+System-wide installation (root access required):
+
+  cd submission/
+  make
+  su
+  mv -b *.pcf.gz /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/
+  cd /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/
+  mkfontdir
+  xset fp rehash
+
+Alternative: Installation in your private user directory:
+
+  cd submission/
+  make
+  mkdir -p ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
+  mv *.pcf.gz ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
+  cd ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
+  mkfontdir
+  xset +fp ~/local/lib/X11/fonts   (put this last line also in ~/.xinitrc)
+
+Now you can have a look at say the 6x13 font with the command
+
+  xfd -fn '-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1'
+
+If you want to have short names for the Unicode fonts, you can also
+append the fonts.alias file to that in the directory where you install
+the fonts, call "mkfontdir" and "xset fp rehash" again, and then you
+can also write
+
+  xfd -fn 6x13U
+
+Note: If you use an old version of xfontsel, you might notice that it
+treats every font that contains characters >0x00ff as a Japanese JIS
+font and therefore selects inappropriate sample characters for display
+of ISO 10646-1 fonts. An updated xfontsel version with this bug fixed
+comes with XFree86 4.0 or newer.
+
+If you use the Exceed X server on Microsoft Windows, then you will
+have to convert the BDF files into Microsoft FON files using the
+"Compile Fonts" function of Exceed xconfig. See the file exceed.txt
+for more information.
+
+There is one significant efficiency problem that X11R6 has with the
+sparsely populated ISO10646-1 fonts. X11 transmits and allocates 12
+bytes with the XFontStruct data structure for the difference between
+the lowest and the highest code value found in a font, no matter
+whether the code positions in between are used for characters or not.
+Even a tiny font that contains only two glyphs at positions 0x0000 and
+0xfffd causes 12 bytes * 65534 codes = 786 kbytes to be requested and
+stored by the client. Since all the ISO10646-1 BDF files provided in
+this package contain characters in the U+00xx (ASCII) and U+ffxx
+(ligatures, etc.) range, all of them would result in 786 kbyte large
+XCharStruct arrays in the per_char array of the corresponding
+XFontStruct (even for CharCell fonts!) when loaded by an X client.
+Until this problem is fixed by extending the X11 font protocol and
+implementation, non-CJK ISO10646-1 fonts that lack the (anyway not
+very interesting) characters above U+31FF seem to be the best
+compromise. The bdftruncate.pl program in this package can be used to
+deactivate any glyphs above a threshold code value in BDF files. This
+way, we get relatively memory-economic ISO10646-1 fonts that cause
+"only" 150 kbyte large XCharStruct arrays to be allocated. The
+deactivated glyphs are still present in the BDF files, but with an
+encoding value of -1 that causes them to be ignored.
+
+The ISO10646-1 fonts can not only be used directly by Unicode aware
+software, they can also be used to create any 8-bit font. The
+ucs2any.pl Perl script converts a ISO10646-1 BDF font into a BDF font
+file with some different encoding. For instance the command
+
+  perl ucs2any.pl 6x13.bdf MAPPINGS/8859-7.TXT ISO8859-7
+
+will generate the file 6x13-ISO8859-7.bdf according to the 8859-7.TXT
+Latin/Greek mapping table, which available from
+<ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/>. [The shell script
+./map_fonts automatically generates a subdirectory derived-fonts/ with
+many *.bdf and *.pcf.gz 8-bit versions of all the
+-misc-fixed-*-iso10646-1 fonts.]
+
+When you do a "make" in the submission/ subdirectory as suggested in
+the installation instructions above, this will generate exactly the
+set of fonts that have been submitted to the XFree86 project for
+inclusion into XFree86 4.0. These consists of all the ISO10646-1 fonts
+processed with "bdftruncate.pl U+3200" plus a selected set of derived
+8-bit fonts generated with ucs2any.pl.
+
+I recommend to play around with the UTF-8 editor Yudit. To use for
+example the 6x13 font with Yudit 1.5, you just have to select the
+settings
+
+  Font=Misc Unicode
+  Size=13
+  Slant=Roman
+  Spacing=CharCell
+  Weight=Medium
+  Add.Style=Any
+  Avg.Width=60
+
+in the Font menu or in the ~/.yuditrc config file. Yudit is a nice
+text file editor with UTF-8 support, available from
+
+  http://www.yudit.org/
+  ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/X/yudit-1.5.tar.gz
+
+You can also use these fonts with Emacs 20.6 or higher. For more
+information, see
+
+  http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/otfried/Mule/
+
+Every font comes with a *.repertoire-utf8 file that lists all the
+characters in this font.
+
+
+CONTRIBUTING
+------------
+
+If you want to help me in extending or improving the fonts, or if you
+want to start your own ISO 10646-1 font project, you will have to edit
+BDF font files. This is most comfortably done with the xmbdfed font
+editor (version 4.3 or higher), which is available from
+
+    ftp://crl.nmsu.edu/CLR/multiling/General/
+
+Once you are familiar with xmbdfed, you will notice that it is no
+problem to design up to 100 nice characters per hour (even more if
+only placing accents is involved).
+
+Information about other X11 font tools and Unicode fonts for X11 in
+general can be found on
+
+    http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html
+
+The latest version of this package is available from
+
+    http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts.tar.gz
+
+If you want to contribute, then get the very latest version of this
+package, check which glyphs are still missing or inappropriate for
+your needs, and send me whatever you had the time to add and fix. Just
+email me the extended BDF-files back, or even better, send me a patch
+file of what you changed. The best way of preparing a patch file is
+
+  ./touch_id newfile.bdf
+  diff -d -u -F STARTCHAR oldfile.bdf newfile.bdf >file.diff
+
+which ensures that the patch file preserves information about which
+exact version you worked on and what character each "hunk" changes.
+
+I will try to update this packet on a daily basis. By sending me
+extensions to these fonts, you agree that the resulting improved font
+files will remain in the public domain for everyone's free use. Always
+make sure to load the very latest version of the package immediately
+before your start, and send me your results as soon as you are done,
+in order to avoid revision overlaps with other contributors.
+
+Please try to be careful with the glyphs you generate:
+
+  - Always look first at existing similar characters in order to
+    preserve a consistent look and feel for the entire font and
+    within the font family. For block graphics characters and geometric
+    symbols, take care of correct alignment.
+
+  - Read issues.txt, which contains some design hints for certain
+    characters.
+
+  - All characters of CharCell (C) fonts must strictly fit into
+    the pixel matrix and absolutely no out-of-box ink is allowed.
+
+  - The character cells will be displayed directly next to each other,
+    without any additional pixels in between. Therefore, always make
+    sure that at least the rightmost pixel column remains white, as
+    otherwise letters will stick together, except of course for
+    characters -- like Arabic or block graphics -- that are supposed to
+    stick together.
+
+  - Place accents as low as possible on the Latin characters.
+
+  - Try to keep the shape of accents consistent among each other and
+    with the combining characters in the U+03xx range.
+
+  - Use xmbdfed only to edit the BDF file directly and do not import
+    the font that you want to edit from the X server. Use xmbdfed 4.3
+    or higher.
+
+  - The glyph names should be the Adobe names for Unicode characters
+    <http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/typeforum/unicodegn.html>,
+    as xmbdfed can set them automatically if it is configured
+    with the location of the Adobe "glyphlist.txt" file in
+    "adobe_name_file" in "~/.xmbdfed". For xmbdfed 4.5 and older, use
+    <http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/glyphlist-old.txt>.
+
+  - Be careful to not change the FONTBOUNDINGBOX box accidentally in
+    a patch.
+
+You should have a copy of the ISO 10646 standard
+
+  ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000, Information technology -- Universal
+  Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) -- Part 1: Architecture
+  and Basic Multilingual Plane, International Organization for
+  Standardization, Geneva, 2000.
+  http://www.iso.ch/cate/d29819.html
+
+and/or the Unicode 3.0 book:
+
+  The Unicode Consortium: The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0,
+  Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 2000,
+  ISBN 0-201-61633-5. 
+  http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0201616335/mgk25
+
+All these fonts are from time to time resubmitted to the XFree86
+project (they have been in there since XFree86 4.0), X.Org, Sun, and
+to other X server developers for inclusion into their normal X11
+distributions.
+
+Starting with XFree86 4.0, xterm has included UTF-8 support. This
+version is also available from
+
+  http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.html
+
+Please make the developer of your favourite software aware of the
+UTF-8 definition in RFC 2279 and of the existence of this font
+collection. For more information on how to use UTF-8, please check out
+
+  http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
+  ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/utf8/Unicode-HOWTO.html
+
+where you will also find information on joining the
+linux-utf8@nl.linux.org mailing list.
+
+A number of UTF-8 example text files can be found in the examples/
+subdirectory or on 
+
+  http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/
+
+CONTRIBUTORS
+
+Robert Brady <rwb197@ecs.soton.ac.uk> and Birger Langkjer
+<birger.langkjer@image.dk> contributed thousands of glyphs and made
+very substantial contributions and improvements on almost all fonts.
+Constantine Stathopoulos <cstath@irismedia.gr> contributed all the
+Greek characters. Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> did most 6x13
+glyphs and the italic fonts and provided many more glyphs,
+coordination, and quality assurance for the other fonts. Mark Leisher
+<mleisher@crl.nmsu.edu> contributed to 6x13 Armenian, Georgian, the
+first version of Latin Extended Block A and some Cyrillic. Serge V.
+Vakulenko <vak@crox.net.kiae.su> donated the original Cyrillic glyphs
+from his 6x13 ISO 8859-5 font. Nozomi Ytow <nozomi@biol.tsukuba.ac.jp>
+contributed 6x13 halfwidth Katakana. Henning Brunzel
+<hbrunzel@meta-systems.de> contributed glyphs to 10x20.bdf. Theppitak
+Karoonboonyanan <thep@linux.thai.net> contributed Thai for 7x13,
+7x13B, 7x13O, 7x14, 7x14B, 8x13, 8x13B, 8x13O, 9x15, 9x15B, and 10x20.
+Karl Koehler <koehler@or.uni-bonn.de> contributed Arabic to 9x15,
+9x15B, and 10x20 and Roozbeh Pournader <roozbeh@sharif.ac.ir> and
+Behdad Esfahbod revised and extended Arabic in 10x20. Raphael Finkel
+<raphael@cs.uky.edu> revised Hebrew/Yiddish in 10x20. Jungshik Shin
+<jshin@pantheon.yale.edu> prepared 18x18ko.bdf. Won-kyu Park
+<wkpark@chem.skku.ac.kr> prepared the Hangul glyphs used in 12x13ja.
+Janne V. Kujala <jvk@iki.fi> contributed 4x6. Daniel Yacob
+<perl@geez.org> revised some Ethiopic glyphs. Ted Zlatanov
+<tzz@lifelogs.com> did some 7x14. Thanks also to everyone who
+contributed additions to the UTF-8 example texts and to Bruno Haible
+<haible@ilog.fr> for valuable comments.
+
+The creation of these fonts would certainly not have been possible
+without Mark Leisher's wonderful xmbdfed software.
+
+Markus
+
+-- 
+Markus G. Kuhn, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, England