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authorrsc <devnull@localhost>2005-01-03 06:41:38 +0000
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-.TH SED 1
-.SH NAME
-9sed \- stream editor
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B 9sed
-[
-.B -n
-]
-[
-.B -g
-]
-[
-.B -e
-.I script
-]
-[
-.B -f
-.I sfile
-]
-[
-.I file ...
-]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Sed
-copies the named
-.I files
-(standard input default) to the standard output,
-edited according to a script of commands.
-The
-.B -f
-option causes the script to be taken from file
-.IR sfile ;
-these options accumulate.
-If there is just one
-.B -e
-option and no
-.BR -f 's,
-the flag
-.B -e
-may be omitted.
-The
-.B -n
-option suppresses the default output;
-.B -g
-causes all substitutions to be global, as if suffixed
-.BR g .
-.PP
-A script consists of editing commands, one per line,
-of the following form:
-.IP
-[\fIaddress\fR [\fL,\fI address\fR] ] \fIfunction\fR [\fIargument\fR ...]
-.PP
-In normal operation
-.I sed
-cyclically copies a line of input into a
-.I pattern space
-(unless there is something left after
-a
-.L D
-command),
-applies in sequence
-all commands whose
-.I addresses
-select that pattern space,
-and at the end of the script copies the pattern space
-to the standard output (except under
-.BR -n )
-and deletes the pattern space.
-.PP
-An
-.I address
-is either a decimal number that counts
-input lines cumulatively across files, a
-.L $
-that
-addresses the last line of input, or a context address,
-.BI / regular-expression / \f1,
-in the style of
-.IR regexp (6),
-with the added convention that
-.L \en
-matches a
-newline embedded in the pattern space.
-.PP
-A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.
-.PP
-A command line with
-one address selects each pattern space that matches the address.
-.PP
-A command line with
-two addresses selects the inclusive range from the first
-pattern space that matches the first address through
-the next pattern space that matches
-the second.
-(If the second address is a number less than or equal
-to the line number first selected, only one
-line is selected.)
-Thereafter the process is repeated, looking again for the
-first address.
-.PP
-Editing commands can be applied to non-selected pattern
-spaces by use of the negation function
-.L !
-(below).
-.PP
-An argument denoted
-.I text
-consists of one or more lines,
-all but the last of which end with
-.L \e
-to hide the
-newline.
-Backslashes in text are treated like backslashes
-in the replacement string of an
-.L s
-command,
-and may be used to protect initial blanks and tabs
-against the stripping that is done on
-every script line.
-.PP
-An argument denoted
-.I rfile
-or
-.I wfile
-must terminate the command
-line and must be preceded by exactly one blank.
-Each
-.I wfile
-is created before processing begins.
-There can be at most 120 distinct
-.I wfile
-arguments.
-.TP \w'\fL!\ \fIfunction\fLXXX'u
-.B a\e
-.br
-.ns
-.TP
-.I text
-Append.
-Place
-.I text
-on the output before
-reading the next input line.
-.TP
-.BI b " label"
-Branch to the
-.B :
-command bearing the
-.IR label .
-If
-.I label
-is empty, branch to the end of the script.
-.TP
-.B c\e
-.br
-.ns
-.TP
-.I text
-Change.
-Delete the pattern space.
-With 0 or 1 address or at the end of a 2-address range, place
-.I text
-on the output.
-Start the next cycle.
-.TP
-.B d
-Delete the pattern space.
-Start the next cycle.
-.TP
-.B D
-Delete the initial segment of the
-pattern space through the first newline.
-Start the next cycle.
-.TP
-.B g
-Replace the contents of the pattern space
-by the contents of the hold space.
-.TP
-.B G
-Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.
-.TP
-.B h
-Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the pattern space.
-.TP
-.B H
-Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.
-.ne 3
-.TP
-.B i\e
-.br
-.ns
-.TP
-.I text
-Insert.
-Place
-.I text
-on the standard output.
-.TP
-.B n
-Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
-Replace the pattern space with the next line of input.
-.TP
-.B N
-Append the next line of input to the pattern space
-with an embedded newline.
-(The current line number changes.)
-.TP
-.B p
-Print.
-Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
-.TP
-.B P
-Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through
-the first newline to the standard output.
-.TP
-.B q
-Quit.
-Branch to the end of the script.
-Do not start a new cycle.
-.TP
-.BI r " rfile"
-Read the contents of
-.IR rfile .
-Place them on the output before reading
-the next input line.
-.TP
-.B s/\fIregular-expression\fP/\fIreplacement\fP/\fIflags
-Substitute the
-.I replacement
-string for instances of the
-.I regular-expression
-in the pattern space.
-Any character may be used instead of
-.LR / .
-For a fuller description see
-.IR regexp (6).
-.I Flags
-is zero or more of
-.RS
-.TP
-.B g
-Global.
-Substitute for all non-overlapping instances of the
-.I regular expression
-rather than just the
-first one.
-.TP
-.B p
-Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.
-.TP
-.BI w " wfile"
-Write.
-Append the pattern space to
-.I wfile
-if a replacement
-was made.
-.RE
-.TP
-.BI t " label"
-Test.
-Branch to the
-.L :
-command bearing the
-.I label
-if any
-substitutions have been made since the most recent
-reading of an input line or execution of a
-.LR t .
-If
-.I label
-is empty, branch to the end of the script.
-.TP
-.B w
-.I wfile
-.br
-Write.
-Append the pattern space to
-.IR wfile .
-.TP
-.B x
-Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.
-.TP
-.B y/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/
-Transform.
-Replace all occurrences of characters in
-.I string1
-with the corresponding character in
-.IR string2 .
-The lengths of
-.I
-string1
-and
-.I string2
-must be equal.
-.TP
-.BI ! "function"
-Don't.
-Apply the
-.I function
-(or group, if
-.I function
-is
-.LR { )
-only to lines
-.I not
-selected by the address(es).
-.TP
-.BI : " label"
-This command does nothing; it bears a
-.I label
-for
-.B b
-and
-.B t
-commands to branch to.
-.TP
-.B =
-Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.
-.TP
-.B {
-Execute the following commands through a matching
-.L }
-only when the pattern space is selected.
-.TP
-.B " "
-An empty command is ignored.
-.ne 4
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.TP
-.B sed 10q file
-Print the first 10 lines of the file.
-.TP
-.B sed '/^$/d'
-Delete empty lines from standard input.
-.TP
-.B sed 's/UNIX/& system/g'
-Replace every instance of
-.L UNIX
-by
-.LR "UNIX system" .
-.PP
-.EX
-sed 's/ *$// \fRdrop trailing blanks\fP
-/^$/d \fRdrop empty lines\fP
-s/ */\e \fRreplace blanks by newlines\fP
-/g
-/^$/d' chapter*
-.EE
-.ns
-.IP
-Print the files
-.BR chapter1 ,
-.BR chapter2 ,
-etc. one word to a line.
-.PP
-.EX
-nroff -ms manuscript | sed '
-${
- /^$/p \fRif last line of file is empty, print it\fP
-}
-//N \fRif current line is empty, append next line\fP
-/^\en$/D' \fRif two lines are empty, delete the first\fP
-.EE
-.ns
-.IP
-Delete all but one of each group of empty lines from a
-formatted manuscript.
-.SH SOURCE
-.B /usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/sed.c
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR ed (1),
-.IR grep (1),
-.IR awk (1),
-.IR lex (1),
-.IR sam (1),
-.IR regexp (6)
-.br
-L. E. McMahon,
-`SED \(em A Non-interactive Text Editor',
-Unix Research System Programmer's Manual, Volume 2.
-.SH BUGS
-If input is from a pipe, buffering may consume
-characters beyond a line on which a
-.L q
-command is executed.