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diff --git a/man/man1/ed.1 b/man/man1/ed.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..adb79fb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/ed.1 @@ -0,0 +1,683 @@ +.TH ED 1 +.SH NAME +ed \- text editor +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B ed +[ +.B - +] +[ +.B -o +] +[ +.I file +] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Ed +is a venerable text editor. +.PP +If a +.I file +argument is given, +.I ed +simulates an +.L e +command (see below) on that file: +it is read into +.I ed's +buffer so that it can be edited. +The options are +.TP +.B - +Suppress the printing +of character counts by +.LR e , +.LR r , +and +.L w +commands and of the confirming +.L ! +by +.L ! +commands. +.TP +.B -o +(for output piping) +Write all output to the standard error file except writing by +.L w +commands. +If no +.I file +is given, make +.B /fd/1 +the remembered file; see the +.L e +command below. +.PP +.I Ed +operates on a `buffer', a copy of the file it is editing; +changes made +in the buffer have no effect on the file until a +.L w +(write) +command is given. +The copy of the text being edited resides +in a temporary file called the +.IR buffer . +.PP +Commands to +.I ed +have a simple and regular structure: zero, one, or +two +.I addresses +followed by a single character +.IR command , +possibly +followed by parameters to the command. +These addresses specify one or more lines in the buffer. +Missing addresses are supplied by default. +.PP +In general, only one command may appear on a line. +Certain commands allow the +addition of text to the buffer. +While +.I ed +is accepting text, it is said +to be in +.I "input mode." +In this mode, no commands are recognized; +all input is merely collected. +Input mode is left by typing a period +.L . +alone at the +beginning of a line. +.PP +.I Ed +supports the +.I "regular expression" +notation described in +.IR regexp (6). +Regular expressions are used in addresses to specify +lines and in one command +(see +.I s +below) +to specify a portion of a line which is to be replaced. +If it is desired to use one of +the regular expression metacharacters as an ordinary +character, that character may be preceded by +.RB ` \e '. +This also applies to the character bounding the regular +expression (often +.LR / ) +and to +.L \e +itself. +.PP +To understand addressing in +.I ed +it is necessary to know that at any time there is a +.I "current line." +Generally, the current line is +the last line affected by a command; however, +the exact effect on the current line +is discussed under the description of +each command. +Addresses are constructed as follows. +.TP +1. +The character +.LR . , +customarily called `dot', +addresses the current line. +.TP +2. +The character +.L $ +addresses the last line of the buffer. +.TP +3. +A decimal number +.I n +addresses the +.IR n -th +line of the buffer. +.TP +4. +.BI \'x +addresses the line marked with the name +.IR x , +which must be a lower-case letter. +Lines are marked with the +.L k +command. +.TP +5. +A regular expression enclosed in slashes ( +.LR / ) +addresses +the line found by searching forward from the current line +and stopping at the first line containing a +string that matches the regular expression. +If necessary the search wraps around to the beginning of the +buffer. +.TP +6. +A regular expression enclosed in queries +.L ? +addresses +the line found by searching backward from the current line +and stopping at the first line containing +a string that matches the regular expression. +If necessary +the search wraps around to the end of the buffer. +.TP +7. +An address followed by a plus sign +.L + +or a minus sign +.L - +followed by a decimal number specifies that address plus +(resp. minus) the indicated number of lines. +The plus sign may be omitted. +.TP +8. +An address followed by +.L + +(or +.LR - ) +followed by a +regular expression enclosed in slashes specifies the first +matching line following (or preceding) that address. +The search wraps around if necessary. +The +.L + +may be omitted, so +.L 0/x/ +addresses the +.I first +line in the buffer with an +.LR x . +Enclosing the regular expression in +.L ? +reverses the search direction. +.TP +9. +If an address begins with +.L + +or +.L - +the addition or subtraction is taken with respect to the current line; +e.g.\& +.L -5 +is understood to mean +.LR .-5 . +.TP +10. +If an address ends with +.L + +or +.LR - , +then 1 is added (resp. subtracted). +As a consequence of this rule and rule 9, +the address +.L - +refers to the line before the current line. +Moreover, +trailing +.L + +and +.L - +characters +have cumulative effect, so +.L -- +refers to the current +line less 2. +.TP +11. +To maintain compatibility with earlier versions of the editor, +the character +.L ^ +in addresses is +equivalent to +.LR - . +.PP +Commands may require zero, one, or two addresses. +Commands which require no addresses regard the presence +of an address as an error. +Commands which accept one or two addresses +assume default addresses when insufficient are given. +If more addresses are given than a command requires, +the last one or two (depending on what is accepted) are used. +.PP +Addresses are separated from each other typically by a comma +.LR , . +They may also be separated by a semicolon +.LR ; . +In this case the current line +is set to +the previous address before the next address is interpreted. +If no address precedes a comma or semicolon, line 1 is assumed; +if no address follows, the last line of the buffer is assumed. +The second address of any two-address sequence +must correspond to a line following the line corresponding to the first address. +.PP +In the following list of +.I ed +commands, the default addresses +are shown in parentheses. +The parentheses are not part of +the address, but are used to show that the given addresses are +the default. +`Dot' means the current line. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.\fP\|) \|a +.br +.ns +.TP +<text> +.br +.ns +.TP +.B . +Read the given text +and append it after the addressed line. +Dot is left +on the last line input, if there +were any, otherwise at the addressed line. +Address +.L 0 +is legal for this command; text is placed +at the beginning of the buffer. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|b [ +- ][\fIpagesize\fP][ pln\fR] +Browse. +Print a `page', normally 20 lines. +The optional +.L + +(default) or +.L - +specifies whether the next or previous +page is to be printed. +The optional +.I pagesize +is the number of lines in a page. +The optional +.LR p , +.LR n , +or +.L l +causes printing in the specified format, initially +.LR p . +Pagesize and format are remembered between +.L b +commands. +Dot is left at the last line displayed. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|c +.br +.ns +.TP +<text> +.br +.ns +.TP +.B . +Change. +Delete the addressed lines, then accept input +text to replace these lines. +Dot is left at the last line input; if there were none, +it is left at the line preceding the deleted lines. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|d +Delete the addressed lines from the buffer. +Dot is set to the line following the last line deleted, or to +the last line of the buffer if the deleted lines had no successor. +.TP +.BI e " filename" +Edit. +Delete the entire contents of the buffer; +then read the named file into the buffer. +Dot is set to the last line of the buffer. +The number of characters read is typed. +The file name is remembered for possible use in later +.LR e , +.LR r , +or +.L w +commands. +If +.I filename +is missing, the remembered name is used. +.TP +.BI E " filename" +Unconditional +.LR e ; +see +.RL ` q ' +below. +.TP +.BI f " filename" +Print the currently remembered file name. +If +.I filename +is given, +the currently remembered file name is first changed to +.IR filename . +.TP +.RB (\|\fL1,$\fP\|) \|g/\fIregular\ expression\fP/\fIcommand\ list\fP +.PD 0 +.TP +.RB (\|\fL1,$\fP\|) \|g/\fIregular\ expression\fP/ +.TP +.RB (\|\fL1,$\fP\|) \|g/\fIregular\ expression\fP +.PD +Global. +First mark every line which matches +the given +.IR regular expression . +Then for every such line, execute the +.I command list +with dot initially set to that line. +A single command or the first of multiple commands +appears on the same line with the global command. +All lines of a multi-line list except the last line must end with +.LR \e . +The +.RB \&` \&. \&' +terminating input mode for an +.LR a , +.LR i , +.L c +command may be omitted if it would be on the +last line of the command list. +The commands +.L g +and +.L v +are not permitted in the command list. +Any character other than space or newline may +be used instead of +.L / +to delimit the regular expression. +The second and third forms mean +.BI g/ regular\ expression /p \f1. +.TP +.RB (\| .\| ) \|i +.PD 0 +.TP +<text> +.TP +.B . +Insert the given text before the addressed line. +Dot is left at the last line input, or, if there were none, +at the line before the addressed line. +This command differs from the +.I a +command only in the placement of the +text. +.PD +.TP +.RB (\| .,.+1 \|) \|j +Join the addressed lines into a single line; +intermediate newlines are deleted. +Dot is left at the resulting line. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.\fP\|) \|k\fIx\fP +Mark the addressed line with name +.IR x , +which must be a lower-case letter. +The address form +.BI \' x +then addresses this line. +.ne 2.5 +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|l +List. +Print the addressed lines in an unambiguous way: +a tab is printed as +.LR \et , +a backspace as +.LR \eb , +backslashes as +.LR \e\e , +and non-printing characters as +a backslash, an +.LR x , +and four hexadecimal digits. +Long lines are folded, +with the second and subsequent sub-lines indented one tab stop. +If the last character in the line is a blank, +it is followed by +.LR \en . +An +.L l +may be appended, like +.LR p , +to any non-I/O command. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|m\fIa +Move. +Reposition the addressed lines after the line +addressed by +.IR a . +Dot is left at the last moved line. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|n +Number. +Perform +.LR p , +prefixing each line with its line number and a tab. +An +.L n +may be appended, like +.LR p , +to any non-I/O command. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|p +Print the addressed lines. +Dot is left at the last line printed. +A +.L p +appended to any non-I/O command causes the then current line +to be printed after the command is executed. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|P +This command is a synonym for +.LR p . +.TP +.B q +Quit the editor. +No automatic write +of a file is done. +A +.L q +or +.L e +command is considered to be in error if the buffer has +been modified since the last +.LR w , +.LR q , +or +.L e +command. +.TP +.B Q +Quit unconditionally. +.TP +.RB ( $ )\|r\ \fIfilename\fP +Read in the given file after the addressed line. +If no +.I filename +is given, the remembered file name is used. +The file name is remembered if there were no +remembered file name already. +If the read is successful, the number of characters +read is printed. +Dot is left at the last line read from the file. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|s\fIn\fP/\fIregular\ expression\fP/\fIreplacement\fP/ +.PD 0 +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|s\fIn\fP/\fIregular\ expression\fP/\fIreplacement\fP/g +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|s\fIn\fP/\fIregular\ expression\fP/\fIreplacement\fP +.PD +Substitute. +Search each addressed +line for an occurrence of the specified regular expression. +On each line in which +.I n +matches are found +.RI ( n +defaults to 1 if missing), +the +.IR n th +matched string is replaced by the replacement specified. +If the global replacement indicator +.L g +appears after the command, +all subsequent matches on the line are also replaced. +It is an error for the substitution to fail on all addressed lines. +Any character other than space or newline +may be used instead of +.L / +to delimit the regular expression +and the replacement. +Dot is left at the last line substituted. +The third form means +.BI s n / regular\ expression / replacement\fP/p\f1. +The second +.L / +may be omitted if the replacement is +empty. +.IP +An ampersand +.L & +appearing in the replacement +is replaced by the string matching the regular expression. +The characters +.BI \e n\f1, +where +.I n +is a digit, +are replaced by the text matched by the +.IR n -th +regular subexpression +enclosed between +.L ( +and +.LR ) . +When +nested parenthesized subexpressions +are present, +.I n +is determined by counting occurrences of +.L ( +starting from the left. +.IP +A literal +.LR & , +.LR / , +.L \e +or newline may be included in a replacement +by prefixing it with +.LR \e . +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|t\|\fIa +Transfer. +Copy the addressed lines +after the line addressed by +.IR a . +Dot is left at the last line of the copy. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL.,.\fP\|) \|u +Undo. +Restore the preceding contents +of the first addressed line (sic), which must be the last line +in which a substitution was made (double sic). +.TP +.RB (\|\fL1,$\fP\|) \|v/\fIregular\ expression\fP/\fIcommand\ list\fP +This command is the same as the global command +.L g +except that the command list is executed with +dot initially set to every line +.I except +those +matching the regular expression. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL1,$\fP\|) \|w " \fIfilename\fP" +Write the addressed lines to +the given file. +If the file does not exist, +it is created with mode 666 (readable and writable by everyone). +If no +.I filename +is given, the remembered file name, if any, is used. +The file name is remembered if there were no +remembered file name already. +Dot is unchanged. +If the write is successful, the number of characters written is +printed. +.TP +.RB (\|\fL1,$\fP\|) \|W " \fIfilename\fP" +Perform +.LR w , +but append to, instead of overwriting, any existing file contents. +.TP +.RB ( $ ) \|= +Print the line number of the addressed line. +Dot is unchanged. +.TP +.BI ! shell\ command +Send the remainder of the line after the +.L ! +to +.IR rc (1) +to be interpreted as a command. +Dot is unchanged. +.TP +.RB (\| .+1 )\|<newline> +An address without a command is taken as a +.L p +command. +A terminal +.L / +may be omitted from the address. +A blank line alone is equivalent to +.LR .+1p ; +it is useful +for stepping through text. +.PP +If an interrupt signal +.SM (DEL) +is sent, +.I ed +prints a +.L ? +and returns to its command level. +.PP +When reading a file, +.I ed +discards +.SM NUL +characters +and all characters after the last newline. +.SH FILES +.B /tmp/e* +.br +.B ed.hup +\ \ work is saved here if terminal hangs up +.SH SOURCE +.B /sys/src/cmd/ed.c +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IR sam (1), +.IR sed (1), +.IR regexp (6) +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +.BI ? name +for inaccessible file; +.L ?TMP +for temporary file overflow; +.L ? +for errors in commands or other overflows. |