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<head>
<title>grap(1) - Plan 9 from User Space</title>
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<tr><td width=20><td>
<tr><td width=20><td><b>GRAP(1)</b><td align=right><b>GRAP(1)</b>
<tr><td width=20><td colspan=2>
<br>
<p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br>
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grap – pic preprocessor for drawing graphs<br>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br>
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<tt><font size=+1>grap</font></tt> [ <i>file ...</i> ]<br>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br>
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<i>Grap</i> is a <a href="../man1/pic.html"><i>pic</i>(1)</a> preprocessor for drawing graphs on a typesetter.
Graphs are surrounded by the <i>troff</i> ‘commands’ <tt><font size=+1>.G1</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>.G2</font></tt>. Data
are scaled and plotted, with tick marks supplied automatically.
Commands exist to modify the frame, add labels, override the default
ticks, change the plotting style, define coordinate
ranges and transformations, and include data from files. In addition,
<i>grap</i> provides the same loops, conditionals, and macro processing
that <i>pic</i> does.
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<tt><font size=+1>frame ht</font></tt> <i>e</i> <tt><font size=+1>wid</font></tt> <i>e</i> <tt><font size=+1>top dotted</font></tt> <i>...</i>: Set the frame around the graph
to specified <tt><font size=+1>ht</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>wid</font></tt>; default is 2 by 3 (inches). The line
<i>styles</i> (<tt><font size=+1>dotted</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>dashed</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>invis</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>solid</font></tt> (default)) of the <i>sides</i> (<tt><font size=+1>top</font></tt>,
<tt><font size=+1>bot</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>left</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>right</font></tt>) of the frame can be set independently.
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<tt><font size=+1>label</font></tt> <i>side </i><tt><font size=+1>"a label" "as a set of strings"</font></tt> <i>adjust</i>: Place label on
specified side; default side is bottom. <i>adjust</i> is <tt><font size=+1>up</font></tt> (or <tt><font size=+1>down
left right</font></tt>) <i>expr</i> to shift default position; <tt><font size=+1>width</font></tt> <i>expr</i> sets the
width explicitly.
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<tt><font size=+1>ticks</font></tt> <i>side</i> <tt><font size=+1>in at</font></tt> <i>optname expr, expr, ...</i>: Put ticks on <i>side</i> at
<i>expr, ...,</i> and label with <i>"expr"</i>. If any <i>expr</i> is followed by "...",
label tick with "...", and turn off all automatic labels. If "..."
contains <tt><font size=+1>%f</font></tt>’s, they will be interpreted as <tt><font size=+1>printf</font></tt> formatting instructions
for the tick value. Ticks point <tt><font size=+1>in</font></tt> or <tt><font size=+1>out</font></tt> (default out). Tick
iterator: instead of <tt><font size=+1>at</font></tt> <i>...</i>, use <tt><font size=+1>from</font></tt> <i>expr</i> <tt><font size=+1>to</font></tt> <i>expr</i> <tt><font size=+1>by</font></tt> <i>op expr</i>
where <i>op</i> is optionally <tt><font size=+1>+−*/</font></tt> for additive or multiplicative steps.
<tt><font size=+1>by</font></tt> can be omitted, to give steps of size 1. If no ticks are requested,
they are supplied automatically; suppress this with <tt><font size=+1>ticks off</font></tt>.
Automatic ticks normally leave a margin of 7% on each
side; set this to anything by <tt><font size=+1>margin =</font></tt> <i>expr</i>.
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<tt><font size=+1>grid</font></tt> <i>side linedesc</i> <tt><font size=+1>at</font></tt> <i>optname expr, expr, ...</i>: Draw grids perpendicular
to <i>side</i> in style <i>linedesc</i> at <i>expr, ....</i> Iterators and labels work
as with ticks.
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<tt><font size=+1>coord</font></tt> <i>optname</i> <tt><font size=+1>x</font></tt> <i>min, max</i> <tt><font size=+1>y</font></tt> <i>min, max</i> <tt><font size=+1>log x log y</font></tt>: Set range of
coords and optional log scaling on either or both. This overrides
computation of data range. Default value of <i>optname</i> is current
coordinate system (each <tt><font size=+1>coord</font></tt> defines a new coordinate system).
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<tt><font size=+1>plot </font></tt><i>"str"</i> <tt><font size=+1>at</font></tt> <i>point</i>; <i>"str"</i> <tt><font size=+1>at</font></tt> <i>point</i>: Put <i>str</i> at <i>point</i>. Text position
can be qualified with <tt><font size=+1>rjust</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>ljust</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>above</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>below</font></tt> after "...".
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<tt><font size=+1>line from</font></tt> <i>point</i> <tt><font size=+1>to</font></tt> <i>point linedesc</i>: Draw line from here to there.
<tt><font size=+1>arrow</font></tt> works in place of <tt><font size=+1>line</font></tt>.
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<tt><font size=+1>next</font></tt> <i>optname</i> <tt><font size=+1>at</font></tt> <i>point linedesc</i>: Continue plot of data in <i>optname
to point</i>; default is current.
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<tt><font size=+1>draw</font></tt> <i>optname linedesc ...</i>: Set mode for <tt><font size=+1>next</font></tt>: use this style from
now on, and plot "..." at each point (if given).
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<tt><font size=+1>new</font></tt> <i>optname linedesc ...</i>: Set mode for <tt><font size=+1>next</font></tt>, but disconnect from
previous.
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A list of numbers <i>x y1 y2 y3 ...</i> is treated as <tt><font size=+1>plot bullet at</font></tt>
<i>x,y1</i>; <tt><font size=+1>plot bullet at</font></tt> <i>x,y2</i>; etc., or as <tt><font size=+1>next at</font></tt> <i>x,y1</i> etc., if <tt><font size=+1>draw</font></tt>
is specified. Abscissae of 1,2,3,... are provided if there is
only one input number per line.
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A point <i>optname expr, expr</i> maps the point to the named coordinate
system. A <i>linedesc</i> is one of <tt><font size=+1>dot dash invis solid</font></tt> optionally followed
by an expression.
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<tt><font size=+1>define</font></tt> <i>name</i> <tt><font size=+1>{</font></tt><i>whatever</i><tt><font size=+1>}</font></tt>: Define a macro. There are macros already
defined for standard plotting symbols like <tt><font size=+1>bullet</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>circle</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>star</font></tt>,
<tt><font size=+1>plus</font></tt>, etc., in <tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/lib/grap.defines</font></tt>, which is included
if it exists.
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<i>var</i> <tt><font size=+1>=</font></tt> <i>expr</i>: Evaluate an expression. Operators are <tt><font size=+1>+ − *</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>.
Functions are <tt><font size=+1>log</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>exp</font></tt> (both base 10), <tt><font size=+1>sin</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>cos</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>sqrt</font></tt>; <tt><font size=+1>rand</font></tt>
returns random number on [0,1); <tt><font size=+1>max(</font></tt><i>e</i><tt><font size=+1>,</font></tt><i>e</i><tt><font size=+1>)</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>min(</font></tt><i>e</i><tt><font size=+1>,</font></tt><i>e</i><tt><font size=+1>)</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>int(</font></tt><i>e</i><tt><font size=+1>)</font></tt>.
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<tt><font size=+1>print</font></tt> <i>expr</i>; <tt><font size=+1>print "</font></tt><i>...</i><tt><font size=+1>"</font></tt>: As a debugging aid, print <i>expr</i> or <i>string</i>
on the standard error.
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<tt><font size=+1>copy "</font></tt><i>file name</i><tt><font size=+1>"</font></tt>: Include this file right here.
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<tt><font size=+1>copy thru</font></tt> <i>macro</i>: Pass rest of input (until <tt><font size=+1>.G2</font></tt>) through <i>macro</i>,
treating each field (non-blank, or "...") as an argument. <i>macro</i>
can be the name of a macro previously defined, or the body of
one in place, like <tt><font size=+1>/plot $1 at $2,$3/</font></tt>.
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<tt><font size=+1>copy thru</font></tt> <i>macro</i> <tt><font size=+1>until "</font></tt><i>string</i><tt><font size=+1>"</font></tt>: Stop copy when input is <i>string</i> (left-justified).
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<tt><font size=+1>pic</font></tt> <i>remainder of line</i>: Copy to output with leading blanks removed.
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<tt><font size=+1>graph</font></tt> <i>Name pic-position</i>: Start a new frame, place it at specified
position, e.g., <tt><font size=+1>graph Thing2 with .sw at Thing1.se + (0.1,0)</font></tt>.
<i>Name</i> must be capitalized to keep <i>pic</i> happy.
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<tt><font size=+1>.</font></tt><i>anything at beginning of line</i>: Copied verbatim.
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<tt><font size=+1>sh %</font></tt><i>anything</i> <tt><font size=+1>%</font></tt>: Pass everything between the <tt><font size=+1>%</font></tt>’s to the shell;
as with macros, <tt><font size=+1>%</font></tt> may be any character and <i>anything</i> may include
newlines.
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<tt><font size=+1>#</font></tt> <i>anything</i>: A comment, which is discarded.
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Order is mostly irrelevant; no category is mandatory. Any arguments
on the <tt><font size=+1>.G1</font></tt> line are placed on the generated <tt><font size=+1>.PS</font></tt> line for <i>pic</i>.<br>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>EXAMPLES </b></font><br>
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<tt><font size=+1>.G1<br>
frame ht 1 top invis right invis<br>
coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y<br>
ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"<br>
ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2<br>
label bot "silly graph"<br>
label left "left side label" "here"<br>
grid left dashed at 2.5<br>
copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /<br>
1 1<br>
2 1.5<br>
3 2<br>
4 1.5<br>
10 3<br>
.G2<br>
frame ht 1 top invis right invis<br>
coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y<br>
ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"<br>
ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2<br>
label bot "silly graph"<br>
label left "left side label" "here"<br>
grid left dashed at 2.5<br>
copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /<br>
1 1<br>
2 1.5<br>
3 2<br>
4 1.5<br>
10 3<br>
</font></tt>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>FILES </b></font><br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
<tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/lib/grap.defines</font></tt> definitions of standard plotting
characters, e.g., bullet<br>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br>
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<tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/grap<br>
</font></tt>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br>
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<a href="../man1/pic.html"><i>pic</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/troff.html"><i>troff</i>(1)</a><br>
J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan, “GRAP--A Language for Typesetting
Graphs”, <i>Unix Research System Programmer’s Manual,</i> Tenth Edition,
Volume 2.<br>
</table>
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