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<title>test(1) - Plan 9 from User Space</title>
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<tr><td width=20><td><b>TEST(1)</b><td align=right><b>TEST(1)</b>
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<br>
<p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br>
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test – set status according to condition<br>
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<p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br>
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<tt><font size=+1>test</font></tt> <i>expr<br>
</i>
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<p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br>
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<i>Test</i> evaluates the expression <i>expr</i>. If the value is true the exit
status is null; otherwise the exit status is non-null. If there
are no arguments the exit status is non-null.
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The following primitives are used to construct <i>expr</i>.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−r</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists (is accessible) and is readable.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−w</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists and is writable.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−x</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists and has execute permission.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−e</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−f</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists and is a plain file.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−d</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists and is a directory.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−s</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists and has a size greater than zero.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−t</font></tt> <i>fildes</i> True if the open file whose file descriptor number is
<i>fildes</i> (1 by default) is the same file as <tt><font size=+1>/dev/cons</font></tt>.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−A</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists and is append-only.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−L</font></tt> <i>file</i> True if the file exists and is exclusive-use.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−T</font></tt><i>file</i> True if the file exists and is temporary.<br>
<i>s1</i> <tt><font size=+1>=</font></tt> <i>s2</i> True if the strings <i>s1</i> and <i>s2</i> are identical.<br>
<i>s1</i> <tt><font size=+1>!=</font></tt> <i>s2</i> True if the strings <i>s1</i> and <i>s2</i> are not identical.<br>
s1 True if <i>s1</i> is not the null string. (Deprecated.)<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt> <i>s1</i> True if the length of string <i>s1</i> is non-zero.<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−z</font></tt> <i>s1</i> True if the length of string <i>s1</i> is zero.<br>
<i>n1</i> <tt><font size=+1>−eq</font></tt> <i>n2</i>True if the integers <i>n1</i> and <i>n2</i> are arithmetically equal.
Any of the comparisons <tt><font size=+1>−ne</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>−gt</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>−ge</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>−lt</font></tt>, or <tt><font size=+1>−le</font></tt> may be used
in place of <tt><font size=+1>−eq</font></tt>. The (nonstandard) construct <tt><font size=+1>−l</font></tt> <i>string</i>, meaning
the length of <i>string</i>, may be used in place of an integer.<br>
<i>a</i> <tt><font size=+1>−nt</font></tt> <i>b</i> True if file <i>a</i> is newer than (modified after) file <i>b</i>.<br>
<i>a</i> <tt><font size=+1>−ot</font></tt> <i>b</i> True if file <i>a</i> is older than (modified before) file <i>b</i>.<br>
<i>f</i> <tt><font size=+1>−older</font></tt> <i>t</i>True if file <i>f</i> is older than (modified before) time
<i>t</i>. If <i>t</i> is a integer followed by the letters <tt><font size=+1>y</font></tt>(years), <tt><font size=+1>M</font></tt>(months),
<tt><font size=+1>d</font></tt>(days), <tt><font size=+1>h</font></tt>(hours), <tt><font size=+1>m</font></tt>(minutes), or <tt><font size=+1>s</font></tt>(seconds), it represents current
time minus the specified time. If there is no letter, it represents
seconds since epoch. You can also concatenate mixed units.
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For example, <tt><font size=+1>3d12h</font></tt> means three days and twelve hours ago.
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These primaries may be combined with the following operators:<br>
<tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> unary negation operator<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−o</font></tt> binary <i>or</i> operator<br>
<tt><font size=+1>−a</font></tt> binary <i>and</i> operator; higher precedence than <tt><font size=+1>−o<br>
(</font></tt> <i>expr</i> <tt><font size=+1>)</font></tt> parentheses for grouping.
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The primitives <tt><font size=+1>−b</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>−u</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>−g</font></tt>, and <tt><font size=+1>−s</font></tt> return false; they are recognized
for compatibility with POSIX.
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Notice that all the operators and flags are separate arguments
to <i>test</i>. Notice also that parentheses and equal signs are meaningful
to <i>rc</i> and must be enclosed in quotes.<br>
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<p><font size=+1><b>EXAMPLES </b></font><br>
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<i>Test</i> is a dubious way to check for specific character strings:
it uses a process to do what an <a href="../man1/rc.html"><i>rc</i>(1)</a> match or switch statement
can do. The first example is not only inefficient but wrong, because
<i>test</i> understands the purported string <tt><font size=+1>"−c"</font></tt> as an option.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>if (test $1 '=' "−c") echo OK # wrong!<br>
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</font></tt>
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A better way is<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>if (~ $1 −c) echo OK<br>
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</font></tt>
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Test whether <tt><font size=+1>abc</font></tt> is in the current directory.<br>
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<tt><font size=+1>test −f abc −o −d abc<br>
</font></tt>
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<p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br>
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<tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/test.c<br>
</font></tt>
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<p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br>
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<a href="../man1/rc.html"><i>rc</i>(1)</a><br>
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