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<head>
<title>ip(3) - Plan 9 from User Space</title>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
</head>
<body bgcolor=#ffffff>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
<tr height=10><td>
<tr><td width=20><td>
<tr><td width=20><td><b>IP(3)</b><td align=right><b>IP(3)</b>
<tr><td width=20><td colspan=2>
<br>
<p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
eipfmt, parseip, parseipmask, v4parseip, v4parsecidr, parseether,
myipaddr, myetheraddr, maskip, equivip, defmask, isv4, v4tov6,
v6tov4, nhgetl, nhgets, nhgetv, hnputl, hnputs, hnputv, ptclbsum,
readipifc – Internet protocol<br>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
<tt><font size=+1>#include <u.h><br>
#include <libc.h><br>
#include <ip.h>
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</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>int eipfmt(Fmt*)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>ulong parseip(uchar *ipaddr, char *str)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>ulong parseipmask(uchar *ipaddr, char *str)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>char* v4parseip(uchar *ipaddr, char *str)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>ulong v4parsecidr(uchar *addr, uchar *mask, char *str)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>int parseether(uchar *eaddr, char *str)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>int myetheraddr(uchar *eaddr, char *dev)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>int myipaddr(uchar *ipaddr, char *net)
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</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>void maskip(uchar *from, uchar *mask, uchar *to)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>int equivip(uchar *ipaddr1, uchar *ipaddr2)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uchar* defmask(uchar *ipaddr)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>int isv4(uchar *ipaddr)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>void v4tov6(uchar *ipv6, uchar *ipv4)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>void v6tov4(uchar *ipv4, uchar *ipv6)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>ushort nhgets(void *p)
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</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uint nhgetl(void *p)
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</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uvlong nhgetv(void *p)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>void hnputs(void *p, ushort v)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>void hnputl(void *p, uint v)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>void hnputv(void *p, uvlong v)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>ushort ptclbsum(uchar *a, int n)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>Ipifc* readipifc(char *net, Ipifc *ifc, int index)
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uchar IPv4bcast[IPaddrlen];
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uchar IPv4allsys[IPaddrlen];
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uchar IPv4allrouter[IPaddrlen];
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uchar IPallbits[IPaddrlen];
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uchar IPnoaddr[IPaddrlen];
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<tt><font size=+1>uchar v4prefix[IPaddrlen];<br>
</font></tt>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
These routines are used by Internet Protocol (IP) programs to
manipulate IP and Ethernet addresses. Plan 9, by default, uses
V6 format IP addresses. Since V4 addresses fit into the V6 space,
all IP addresses can be represented. IP addresses are stored as
a string of 16 <tt><font size=+1>unsigned chars</font></tt>, Ethernet addresses as 6
<tt><font size=+1>unsigned chars</font></tt>. Either V4 or V6 string representation can be used
for IP addresses. For V4 addresses, the representation can be
(up to) 4 decimal integers from 0 to 255 separated by periods.
For V6 addresses, the representation is (up to) 8 hex integers
from 0x0 to 0xFFFF separated by colons. Strings of 0
integers can be elided using two colons. For example, <tt><font size=+1>FFFF::1111</font></tt>
is equivalent to <tt><font size=+1>FFFF:0:0:0:0:0:0:1111</font></tt>. The string representation
for IP masks is a superset of the address representation. It includes
slash notation that indicates the number of leading 1 bits in
the mask. Thus, a V4 class C mask can be
represented as <tt><font size=+1>FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FF00</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>255.255.255.0</font></tt>,
or <tt><font size=+1>/120.</font></tt> The string representation of Ethernet addresses is exactly
12 hexadecimal digits.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Eipfmt</i> is a <a href="../man3/print.html"><i>print</i>(3)</a> formatter for Ethernet (verb <tt><font size=+1>E</font></tt>) addresses,
IP V6 (verb <tt><font size=+1>I</font></tt>) addresses, IP V4 (verb <tt><font size=+1>V</font></tt>) addresses, and IP V6
(verb <tt><font size=+1>M</font></tt>) masks.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Parseip</i> converts a string pointed to by <i>str</i> to a 16-byte IP address
starting at <i>ipaddr</i>. As a concession to backwards compatibility,
if the string is a V4 address, the return value is an unsigned
long integer containing the big-endian V4 address. If not, the
return value is 6. <i>Parseipmask</i> converts a string pointed to by
<i>str
</i>to a 6-byte IP mask starting at <i>ipaddr</i>. It too returns an unsigned
long big-endian V4 address or 6. Both routines return -1 on errors.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>V4parseip</i> converts a string pointed to by <i>str</i> to a 4-byte V4 IP
address starting at <i>ipaddr</i>.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>V4parsecidr</i> converts a string of the form addr/mask, pointed to
by <i>str</i>, to a 4-byte V4 IP address starting at <i>ipaddr</i> and a 4-byte
V4 IP mask starting at <i>mask</i>.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Myipaddr</i> returns the first valid IP address in the IP stack rooted
at <i>net</i>.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Parseether</i> converts a string pointed to by <i>str</i> to a 6-byte Ethernet
address starting at <i>eaddr</i>. <i>Myetheraddr</i> reads the Ethernet address
string from file <i>dev</i><tt><font size=+1>/1/stats</font></tt> and parses it into <i>eaddr</i>. Both routines
return a negative number on errors.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Maskip</i> places the bit-wise AND of the IP addresses pointed to
by its first two arguments into the buffer pointed to by the third.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Equivip</i> returns non-zero if the IP addresses pointed to by its
two arguments are equal.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Defmask</i> returns the standard class A, B, or C mask for <i>ipaddr</i>.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Isv4</i> returns non-zero if the V6 address is in the V4 space, that
is, if it starts with <tt><font size=+1>0:0:0:0:0:0:FFFF</font></tt>. <i>V4tov6</i> converts the V4
address, <i>v4ip</i>, to a V6 address and puts the result in <i>v6ip</i>. <i>V6tov4</i>
converts the V6 address, <i>v6ip</i>, to a V4 address and puts the result
in <i>v4ip</i>.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Hnputs</i>, <i>hnputl</i>, and <i>hnputv</i> are used to store 16-, 32-, and 64-bit
integers into IP big-endian form. <i>Nhgets</i>, <i>nhgetl</i>, and <i>nhgetv</i> convert
big-endian 2-, 4-, and 8-byte quantities into integers.
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Pctlbsum</i> returns the one’s complement checksum used in IP protocols,
typically invoked as<br>
<tt><font size=+1>hnputs(hdr−>cksum, ~ptclbsum(data, len) & 0xffff);<br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
A number of standard IP addresses in V6 format are also defined.
They are:<br>
<tt><font size=+1>IPv4bcast<br>
</font></tt>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
the V4 broadcast address<br>
</table>
<tt><font size=+1>IPv4allsys<br>
</font></tt>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
the V4 all systems multicast address<br>
</table>
<tt><font size=+1>IPv4allrouter<br>
</font></tt>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
the V4 all routers multicast address<br>
</table>
<tt><font size=+1>IPallbits<br>
</font></tt>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
the V6 all bits on address<br>
</table>
<tt><font size=+1>IPnoaddr<br>
</font></tt>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
the V6 null address, all zeros<br>
</table>
<tt><font size=+1>v4prefix<br>
</font></tt>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
the IP V6 prefix to all embedded V4 addresses
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</table>
<i>Readipifc</i> returns information about a particular interface (<i>index
</i>>= 0) or all IP interfaces (<i>index </i>< 0) configured under a mount
point <i>net</i>, default <tt><font size=+1>/net</font></tt>. Each interface is described by one <i>Ipifc</i>
structure which in turn points to a linked list of <i>Iplifc</i> structures
describing the addresses assigned to this interface. If the list
<i>ifc</i> is supplied, that list is freed. Thus, subsequent calls can
be used to free the list returned by the previous call. <i>Ipifc</i>
is:
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<tt><font size=+1>typedef struct Ipifc<br>
{<br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
Ipifc *next;<br>
Iplifc *lifc; /* local addressses */<br>
/* per ip interface */<br>
int index; /* number of interface in ipifc dir */<br>
char dev[64]; /* associated physical device */<br>
int mtu; /* max transfer unit */<br>
long validlt; /* valid life time */<br>
long preflt; /* preferred life time */<br>
uchar sendra6; /* on == send router adv */<br>
uchar recvra6; /* on == rcv router adv */<br>
ulong pktin; /* packets read */<br>
ulong pktout; /* packets written */<br>
ulong errin; /* read errors */<br>
ulong errout; /* write errors */<br>
Ipv6rp rp; /* route advertisement params */<br>
</table>
} Ipifc;<br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<i>Iplifc</i> is:
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<tt><font size=+1>struct Iplifc<br>
{<br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
Iplifc *next;<br>
uchar ip[IPaddrlen];<br>
uchar mask[IPaddrlen];<br>
uchar net[IPaddrlen]; /* ip & mask */<br>
ulong preflt; /* preferred lifetime */<br>
ulong validlt; /* valid lifetime */<br>
</table>
};<br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
</font></tt>
<i>Ipv6rp</i> is: struct Ipv6rp { int mflag; int oflag; int maxraint;
/* max route adv interval */ int minraint; /* min route adv interval
*/ int linkmtu; int reachtime; int rxmitra; int ttl; int routerlt;
};
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
<i>Dev</i> contains the first 64 bytes of the device configured with
this interface. <i>Net</i> is <i>ip</i><tt><font size=+1>&</font></tt><i>mask</i> if the network is multipoint or
the remote address if the network is point to point.<br>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
<tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/libip<br>
</font></tt>
</table>
<p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
<a href="../man3/print.html"><i>print</i>(3)</a><br>
</table>
<td width=20>
<tr height=20><td>
</table>
<!-- TRAILER -->
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
<tr height=15><td width=10><td><td width=10>
<tr><td><td>
<center>
<a href="../../"><img src="../../dist/spaceglenda100.png" alt="Space Glenda" border=1></a>
</center>
</table>
<!-- TRAILER -->
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