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+<head>
+<title>map(1) - Plan 9 from User Space</title>
+<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
+</head>
+<body bgcolor=#ffffff>
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
+<tr height=10><td>
+<tr><td width=20><td>
+<tr><td width=20><td><b>MAP(1)</b><td align=right><b>MAP(1)</b>
+<tr><td width=20><td colspan=2>
+ <br>
+<p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ map, mapdemo, mapd &ndash; draw maps on various projections<br>
+
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>map</font></tt> <i>projection</i> [ <i>option ...</i> ]
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>mapdemo
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+ </font></tt>
+
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ <i>Map</i> prepares on the standard output a map suitable for display
+ by any plotting filter described in <a href="../man1/plot.html"><i>plot</i>(1)</a>. A menu of projections
+ is produced in response to an unknown <i>projection</i>. <i>Mapdemo</i> is a
+ short course in mapping.
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ The default data for <i>map</i> are world shorelines. Option <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;f</font></tt> accesses
+ more detailed data classified by feature.<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;f</font></tt> [ <i>feature</i> ... ]<br>
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Features are ranked 1 (default) to 4 from major to minor. Higher-numbered
+ ranks include all lower-numbered ones. Features are<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>shore</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>1</font></tt>-<tt><font size=+1>4</font></tt>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seacoasts, lakes, and islands; option <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;f</font></tt> always shows
+ <tt><font size=+1>shore1<br>
+ ilake</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>1</font></tt>-<tt><font size=+1>2</font></tt>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;intermittent lakes<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>river</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>1</font></tt>-<tt><font size=+1>4</font></tt>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rivers<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>iriver</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>1</font></tt>-<tt><font size=+1>3</font></tt>]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;intermittent rivers<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>canal</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>1</font></tt>-<tt><font size=+1>3</font></tt>]<tt><font size=+1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</font></tt>=irrigation canals<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>glacier<br>
+ iceshelf</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>12</font></tt>]<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>reef<br>
+ saltpan</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>12</font></tt>]<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>country</font></tt>[<tt><font size=+1>1</font></tt>-<tt><font size=+1>3</font></tt>]<tt><font size=+1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</font></tt>=disputed boundaries, <tt><font size=+1>3</font></tt>=indefinite boundaries<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>state</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;states and provinces (US and Canada only)<br>
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+
+ </table>
+ In other options coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude
+ and west longitude counted as positive.<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;l</font></tt> <i>S N E W<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Set the southern and northern latitude and the eastern and western
+ longitude limits. Missing arguments are filled out from the list
+ &ndash;90, 90, &ndash;180, 180, or lesser limits suitable to the projection
+ at hand.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;k</font></tt> <i>S N E W<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Set the scale as if for a map with limits <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;l</font></tt> <i>S N E W</i> . Do not
+ consider any <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;l</font></tt> or <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;w</font></tt> option in setting scale.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;o</font></tt> <i>lat lon rot<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Orient the map in a nonstandard position. Imagine a transparent
+ gridded sphere around the globe. Turn the overlay about the North
+ Pole so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0) of the overlay coincides
+ with meridian <i>lon</i> on the globe. Then tilt the North Pole of the
+ overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude <i>lat
+ </i>on the globe. Finally again turn the overlay about its &#8216;North
+ Pole&#8217; so that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position
+ of meridian <i>rot</i>. Project the map in the standard form appropriate
+ to the overlay, but presenting information from the underlying
+ globe. Missing arguments are filled out from the list
+ 90, 0, 0. In the absence of <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;</font></tt>o<tt><font size=+1>,</font></tt> the orientation is 90, 0, <i>m</i>, where
+ <i>m</i> is the middle of the longitude range.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;w</font></tt> <i>S N E W<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Window the map by the specified latitudes and longitudes in the
+ tilted, rotated coordinate system. Missing arguments are filled
+ out from the list &ndash;90, 90, &ndash;180, 180. (It is wise to give an encompassing
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;l</font></tt> option with <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;w</font></tt>. Otherwise for small windows computing time
+ varies inversely with area!)
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;d</font></tt> <i>n</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For speed, plot only every <i>n</i>th point.<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;r</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reverse left and right (good for star charts and inside-out
+ views).<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;v</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Verso. Switch to a normally suppressed sheet of the map, such
+ as the back side of the earth in orthographic projection.<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;s1<br>
+ &#8722;s2</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Superpose; outputs for a <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;s1</font></tt> map (no closing) and a <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;s2</font></tt> map
+ (no opening) may be concatenated.<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;g</font></tt> <i>dlat dlon res<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Grid spacings are <i>dlat</i>, <i>dlon</i>. Zero spacing means no grid. Missing
+ <i>dlat</i> is taken to be zero. Missing <i>dlon</i> is taken the same as <i>dlat</i>.
+ Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of <i>res</i> (2&deg; or less by default).
+ In the absence of <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;</font></tt>g<tt><font size=+1>,</font></tt> grid spacing is 10&deg;.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;p</font></tt> <i>lat lon extent<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Position the point <i>lat, lon</i> at the center of the plotting area.
+ Scale the map so that the height (and width) of the nominal plotting
+ area is <i>extent</i> times the size of one degree of latitude at the
+ center. By default maps are scaled and positioned to fit within
+ the plotting area. An <i>extent</i> overrides option <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;k</font></tt>.
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;c</font></tt> <i>x y rot<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ After all other positioning and scaling operations have been performed,
+ rotate the image <i>rot</i> degrees counterclockwise about the center
+ and move the center to position <i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, where the nominal plotting
+ area is &ndash;1&le;<i>x</i>&le;1, &ndash;1&le;<i>y</i>&le;1. Missing arguments are taken to be 0. <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;x</font></tt> Allow
+ the map to extend outside the
+ nominal plotting area.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;m</font></tt> [ <i>file</i> ... ]<br>
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Use map data from named files. If no files are named, omit map
+ data. Names that do not exist as pathnames are looked up in a
+ standard directory, which contains, in addition to the data for
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;f</font></tt>,<br>
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>world</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;World Data Bank I (default)<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>states</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;US map from Census Bureau<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>counties</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;US map from Census Bureau<br>
+ The environment variables <tt><font size=+1>MAP</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>MAPDIR</font></tt> change the default map
+ and default directory.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;b</font></tt> [<i>lat0 lon0 lat1 lon1</i>... ]<br>
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary (defined by options
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;l</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;w</font></tt>). Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a
+ polygon to which the map is clipped. If only two vertices are
+ given, they are taken to be the diagonal of a rectangle. To draw
+ the polygon, give its vertices as a <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;u</font></tt> track.
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;t</font></tt> <i>file ...<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ The <i>files</i> contain lists of points, given as latitude-longitude
+ pairs in degrees. If the first file is named <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;</font></tt>, the standard input
+ is taken instead. The points of each list are plotted as connected
+ &#8216;tracks&#8217;.<br>
+ Points in a track file may be followed by label strings. A label
+ breaks the track. A label may be prefixed by <tt><font size=+1>&quot;</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt>, or <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> and is
+ terminated by a newline. An unprefixed string or a string prefixed
+ with <tt><font size=+1>&quot;</font></tt> is displayed at the designated point. The first word of
+ a <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> or <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> string names a special symbol (see option <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;y</font></tt>).
+ An optional numerical second word is a scale factor for the size
+ of the symbol, 1 by default. A <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> symbol is aligned with its top
+ to the north; a <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> symbol is aligned vertically on the page.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;u</font></tt> <i>file ...<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Same as <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;t</font></tt>, except the tracks are unbroken lines. (<tt><font size=+1>&#8722;t</font></tt> tracks appear
+ as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;y</font></tt> <i>file<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ The <i>file</i> contains <a href="../man7/plot.html"><i>plot</i>(7)</a>-style data for <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> or <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> labels in <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;t</font></tt> or
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;u</font></tt> files. Each symbol is defined by a comment <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt><i>name</i> then a sequence
+ of <tt><font size=+1>m</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>v</font></tt> commands. Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point.
+ Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were <tt><font size=+1>ra &#8722;1
+ &#8722;1 1 1</font></tt>; <tt><font size=+1>ra</font></tt> commands in <i>file</i> change the
+ scaling.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <p><font size=+1><b>Projections </b></font><br>
+ Equatorial projections centered on the Prime Meridian (longitude
+ 0). Parallels are straight horizontal lines.
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>mercator</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equally spaced straight meridians, conformal, straight
+ compass courses<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>sinusoidal</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equally spaced parallels, equal-area, same as <tt><font size=+1>bonne
+ 0</font></tt>.<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>cylequalarea</font></tt> <i>lat0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equally spaced straight meridians, equal-area,
+ true scale on <i>lat0<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>cylindrical</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;central projection on tangent cylinder<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>rectangular</font></tt> <i>lat0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equally spaced parallels, equally spaced straight
+ meridians, true scale on <i>lat0<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>gall</font></tt> <i>lat0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;parallels spaced stereographically on prime meridian,
+ equally spaced straight meridians, true scale on <i>lat0<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>mollweide</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(homalographic) equal-area, hemisphere is a circle<br>
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>gilbert()</font></tt> sphere conformally mapped on hemisphere and viewed orthographically<br>
+
+ </table>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>gilbert</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;globe mapped conformally on hemisphere, viewed orthographically
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ Azimuthal projections centered on the North Pole. Parallels are
+ concentric circles. Meridians are equally spaced radial lines.
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>azequidistant</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equally spaced parallels, true distances from pole<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>azequalarea</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equal-area<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>gnomonic</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;central projection on tangent plane, straight great circles<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>perspective</font></tt> <i>dist</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;viewed along earth&#8217;s axis <i>dist</i> earth radii from
+ center of earth<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>orthographic</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;viewed from infinity<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>stereographic</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conformal, projected from opposite pole<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>laue</font></tt><i>radius</i> = tan(2&#215;<i>colatitude</i>), used in X-ray crystallography<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>fisheye</font></tt> <i>n</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stereographic seen from just inside medium with refractive
+ index <i>n<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>newyorker</font></tt> <i>rradius</i> = log(<i>colatitude</i>/<i>r</i>): <i>New Yorker</i> map from viewing
+ pedestal of radius <i>r</i> degrees
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ Polar conic projections symmetric about the Prime Meridian. Parallels
+ are segments of concentric circles. Except in the Bonne projection,
+ meridians are equally spaced radial lines orthogonal to the parallels.
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>conic</font></tt> <i>lat0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;central projection on cone tangent at <i>lat0<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>simpleconic</font></tt> <i>lat0 lat1<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ equally spaced parallels, true scale on <i>lat0</i> and <i>lat1<br>
+ </i>
+ </table>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>lambert</font></tt> <i>lat0 lat1</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conformal, true scale on <i>lat0</i> and <i>lat1<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>albers</font></tt> <i>lat0 lat1</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equal-area, true scale on <i>lat0</i> and <i>lat1<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>bonne</font></tt> <i>lat0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equally spaced parallels, equal-area, parallel <i>lat0</i>
+ developed from tangent cone
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ Projections with bilateral symmetry about the Prime Meridian and
+ the equator.
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>polyconic</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;parallels developed from tangent cones, equally spaced
+ along Prime Meridian<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>aitoff</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equal-area projection of globe onto 2-to-1 ellipse, based
+ on <i>azequalarea<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>lagrange</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conformal, maps whole sphere into a circle<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>bicentric</font></tt> <i>lon0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;points plotted at true azimuth from two centers
+ on the equator at longitudes <i>&plusmn;lon0</i>, great circles are straight
+ lines (a stretched <i>gnomonic</i> )<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>elliptic</font></tt> <i>lon0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;points plotted at true distance from two centers
+ on the equator at longitudes <i>&plusmn;lon0<br>
+ </i><tt><font size=+1>globular</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hemisphere is circle, circular arc meridians equally spaced
+ on equator, circular arc parallels equally spaced on 0- and 90-degree
+ meridians<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>vandergrinten</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sphere is circle, meridians as in <i>globular</i>, circular
+ arc parallels resemble <i>mercator
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+ </i>
+ Doubly periodic conformal projections.
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>guyou</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W and E hemispheres are square<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>square</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;world is square with Poles at diagonally opposite corners<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>tetra</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;map on tetrahedron with edge tangent to Prime Meridian at
+ S Pole, unfolded into equilateral triangle<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>hex</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;world is hexagon centered on N Pole, N and S hemispheres are
+ equilateral triangles
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ Miscellaneous projections.
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>harrison</font></tt> <i>dist angle</i>oblique perspective from above the North Pole,
+ <i>dist</i> earth radii from center of earth, looking along the Date
+ Line <i>angle</i> degrees off vertical<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>trapezoidal</font></tt> <i>lat0 lat1<br>
+ </i>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ equally spaced parallels, straight meridians equally spaced along
+ parallels, true scale at <i>lat0</i> and <i>lat1</i> on Prime Meridian<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>lune(lat,angle)</font></tt> conformal, polar cap above latitude <i>lat</i> maps to
+ convex lune with given <i>angle</i> at 90&#176;E and 90&#176;W
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+
+ </table>
+
+ </table>
+ Retroazimuthal projections. At every point the angle between vertical
+ and a straight line to &#8216;Mecca&#8217;, latitude <i>lat0</i> on the prime meridian,
+ is the true bearing of Mecca.
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>mecca</font></tt> <i>lat0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equally spaced vertical meridians<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>homing</font></tt> <i>lat0</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distances to Mecca are true
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ Maps based on the spheroid. Of geodetic quality, these projections
+ do not make sense for tilted orientations. For descriptions, see
+ corresponding maps above.
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>sp_mercator<br>
+ sp_albers</font></tt> <i>lat0 lat1<br>
+ </i>
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>EXAMPLES </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>map perspective 1.025 &#8722;o 40.75 74<br>
+ </font></tt>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ A view looking down on New York from 100 miles (0.025 of the 4000-mile
+ earth radius) up. The job can be done faster by limiting the map
+ so as not to &#8216;plot&#8217; the invisible part of the world: <tt><font size=+1>map perspective
+ 1.025 &#8722;o 40.75 74 &#8722;l 20 60 30 100</font></tt>. A circular border can be forced
+ by adding option
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;w 77.33</font></tt>. (Latitude 77.33&deg; falls just inside a polar cap of opening
+ angle arccos(1/1.025) = 12.6804&deg;.)<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>map mercator &#8722;o 49.25 &#8722;106 180<br>
+ </font></tt>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ An &#8216;equatorial&#8217; map of the earth centered on New York. The pole
+ of the map is placed 90&#176; away (40.75+49.25=90) on the other side
+ of the earth. A 180&deg; twist around the pole of the map arranges
+ that the &#8216;Prime Meridian&#8217; of the map runs from the pole of the
+ map over the North Pole to New York instead of
+ down the back side of the earth. The same effect can be had from
+ <tt><font size=+1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;map mercator &#8722;o 130.75 74<br>
+ </font></tt>
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>map albers 28 45 &#8722;l 20 50 60 130 &#8722;m states<br>
+ </font></tt>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.<br>
+
+ </table>
+ <tt><font size=+1>map harrison 2 30 &#8722;l &#8722;90 90 120 240 &#8722;o 90 0 0<br>
+ </font></tt>
+ <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ A fan view covering 60&deg; on either side of the Date Line, as seen
+ from one earth radius above the North Pole gazing at the earth&#8217;s
+ limb, which is 30&deg; off vertical. The <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;o</font></tt> option overrides the default
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;o 90 0 180</font></tt>, which would rotate the scene to behind the observer.<br>
+
+ </table>
+
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>FILES </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>/lib/map/[1&#8722;4]??</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;World Data Bank II, for <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;f<br>
+ /lib/map/*</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;maps for <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;m<br>
+ /lib/map/*.x</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;map indexes<br>
+ <tt><font size=+1>mapd</font></tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Map driver program<br>
+
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ <tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/map<br>
+ </font></tt>
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ <a href="../man7/map.html"><i>map</i>(7)</a>, <a href="../man1/plot.html"><i>plot</i>(1)</a><br>
+
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>DIAGNOSTICS </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ &#8216;Map seems to be empty&#8217;--a coarse survey found zero extent within
+ the <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;l</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;w</font></tt> bounds; for maps of limited extent the grid resolution,
+ <i>res</i>, or the limits may have to be refined.<br>
+
+</table>
+<p><font size=+1><b>BUGS </b></font><br>
+
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
+
+ Windows (option <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;w</font></tt>) cannot cross the Date Line. No borders appear
+ along edges arising from visibility limits. Segments that cross
+ a border are dropped, not clipped. Excessively large scale or
+ <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;d</font></tt> setting may cause long line segments to be dropped. <i>Map</i> tries
+ to draw grid lines dotted and <tt><font size=+1>&#8722;t</font></tt> tracks dot-dashed. As
+ very few plotting filters properly support curved textured lines,
+ these lines are likely to appear solid. The west-longitude-positive
+ convention betrays Yankee chauvinism. <i>Gilbert</i> should be a map
+ from sphere to sphere, independent of the mapping from sphere
+ to plane.<br>
+
+</table>
+
+<td width=20>
+<tr height=20><td>
+</table>
+<!-- TRAILER -->
+<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
+<tr height=15><td width=10><td><td width=10>
+<tr><td><td>
+<center>
+<a href="../../"><img src="../../dist/spaceglenda100.png" alt="Space Glenda" border=1></a>
+</center>
+</table>
+<!-- TRAILER -->
+</body></html>