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-<head>
-<title>ip(3) - Plan 9 from User Space</title>
-<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
-</head>
-<body bgcolor=#ffffff>
-<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
-<tr height=10><td>
-<tr><td width=20><td>
-<tr><td width=20><td><b>IP(3)</b><td align=right><b>IP(3)</b>
-<tr><td width=20><td colspan=2>
- <br>
-<p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br>
-
-<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- eipfmt, parseip, parseipmask, v4parseip, v4parsecidr, parseether,
- myipaddr, myetheraddr, maskip, equivip, defmask, isv4, v4tov6,
- v6tov4, nhgetl, nhgets, nhgetv, hnputl, hnputs, hnputv, ptclbsum,
- readipifc &ndash; Internet protocol<br>
-
-</table>
-<p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br>
-
-<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- <tt><font size=+1>#include &lt;u.h&gt;<br>
- #include &lt;libc.h&gt;<br>
- #include &lt;ip.h&gt;
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;eipfmt(Fmt*)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;parseip(uchar *ipaddr, char *str)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;parseipmask(uchar *ipaddr, char *str)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>char* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v4parseip(uchar *ipaddr, char *str)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v4parsecidr(uchar *addr, uchar *mask, char *str)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;parseether(uchar *eaddr, char *str)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;myetheraddr(uchar *eaddr, char *dev)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;myipaddr(uchar *ipaddr, char *net)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>void maskip(uchar *from, uchar *mask, uchar *to)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equivip(uchar *ipaddr1, uchar *ipaddr2)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uchar* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;defmask(uchar *ipaddr)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;isv4(uchar *ipaddr)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>void v4tov6(uchar *ipv6, uchar *ipv4)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>void v6tov4(uchar *ipv4, uchar *ipv6)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>ushort &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nhgets(void *p)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uint nhgetl(void *p)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uvlong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nhgetv(void *p)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>void hnputs(void *p, ushort v)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>void hnputl(void *p, uint v)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>void hnputv(void *p, uvlong v)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>ushort &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ptclbsum(uchar *a, int n)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>Ipifc* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;readipifc(char *net, Ipifc *ifc, int index)
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IPv4bcast[IPaddrlen];
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IPv4allsys[IPaddrlen];
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IPv4allrouter[IPaddrlen];
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IPallbits[IPaddrlen];
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IPnoaddr[IPaddrlen];
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <tt><font size=+1>uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v4prefix[IPaddrlen];<br>
- </font></tt>
-</table>
-<p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br>
-
-<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- These routines are used by Internet Protocol (IP) programs to
- manipulate IP and Ethernet addresses. Plan 9, by default, uses
- V6 format IP addresses. Since V4 addresses fit into the V6 space,
- all IP addresses can be represented. IP addresses are stored as
- a string of 16 <tt><font size=+1>unsigned chars</font></tt>, Ethernet addresses as 6
- <tt><font size=+1>unsigned chars</font></tt>. Either V4 or V6 string representation can be used
- for IP addresses. For V4 addresses, the representation can be
- (up to) 4 decimal integers from 0 to 255 separated by periods.
- For V6 addresses, the representation is (up to) 8 hex integers
- from 0x0 to 0xFFFF separated by colons. Strings of 0
- integers can be elided using two colons. For example, <tt><font size=+1>FFFF::1111</font></tt>
- is equivalent to <tt><font size=+1>FFFF:0:0:0:0:0:0:1111</font></tt>. The string representation
- for IP masks is a superset of the address representation. It includes
- slash notation that indicates the number of leading 1 bits in
- the mask. Thus, a V4 class C mask can be
- represented as <tt><font size=+1>FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FF00</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>255.255.255.0</font></tt>,
- or <tt><font size=+1>/120.</font></tt> The string representation of Ethernet addresses is exactly
- 12 hexadecimal digits.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Eipfmt</i> is a <a href="../man3/print.html"><i>print</i>(3)</a> formatter for Ethernet (verb <tt><font size=+1>E</font></tt>) addresses,
- IP V6 (verb <tt><font size=+1>I</font></tt>) addresses, IP V4 (verb <tt><font size=+1>V</font></tt>) addresses, and IP V6
- (verb <tt><font size=+1>M</font></tt>) masks.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Parseip</i> converts a string pointed to by <i>str</i> to a 16-byte IP address
- starting at <i>ipaddr</i>. As a concession to backwards compatibility,
- if the string is a V4 address, the return value is an unsigned
- long integer containing the big-endian V4 address. If not, the
- return value is 6. <i>Parseipmask</i> converts a string pointed to by
- <i>str
- </i>to a 6-byte IP mask starting at <i>ipaddr</i>. It too returns an unsigned
- long big-endian V4 address or 6. Both routines return -1 on errors.
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>V4parseip</i> converts a string pointed to by <i>str</i> to a 4-byte V4 IP
- address starting at <i>ipaddr</i>.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>V4parsecidr</i> converts a string of the form addr/mask, pointed to
- by <i>str</i>, to a 4-byte V4 IP address starting at <i>ipaddr</i> and a 4-byte
- V4 IP mask starting at <i>mask</i>.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Myipaddr</i> returns the first valid IP address in the IP stack rooted
- at <i>net</i>.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Parseether</i> converts a string pointed to by <i>str</i> to a 6-byte Ethernet
- address starting at <i>eaddr</i>. <i>Myetheraddr</i> reads the Ethernet address
- string from file <i>dev</i><tt><font size=+1>/1/stats</font></tt> and parses it into <i>eaddr</i>. Both routines
- return a negative number on errors.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Maskip</i> places the bit-wise AND of the IP addresses pointed to
- by its first two arguments into the buffer pointed to by the third.
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Equivip</i> returns non-zero if the IP addresses pointed to by its
- two arguments are equal.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Defmask</i> returns the standard class A, B, or C mask for <i>ipaddr</i>.
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Isv4</i> returns non-zero if the V6 address is in the V4 space, that
- is, if it starts with <tt><font size=+1>0:0:0:0:0:0:FFFF</font></tt>. <i>V4tov6</i> converts the V4
- address, <i>v4ip</i>, to a V6 address and puts the result in <i>v6ip</i>. <i>V6tov4</i>
- converts the V6 address, <i>v6ip</i>, to a V4 address and puts the result
- in <i>v4ip</i>.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Hnputs</i>, <i>hnputl</i>, and <i>hnputv</i> are used to store 16-, 32-, and 64-bit
- integers into IP big-endian form. <i>Nhgets</i>, <i>nhgetl</i>, and <i>nhgetv</i> convert
- big-endian 2-, 4-, and 8-byte quantities into integers.
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Pctlbsum</i> returns the one&#8217;s complement checksum used in IP protocols,
- typically invoked as<br>
- <tt><font size=+1>hnputs(hdr&#8722;&gt;cksum, ~ptclbsum(data, len) &amp; 0xffff);<br>
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- A number of standard IP addresses in V6 format are also defined.
- They are:<br>
- <tt><font size=+1>IPv4bcast<br>
- </font></tt>
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- the V4 broadcast address<br>
-
- </table>
- <tt><font size=+1>IPv4allsys<br>
- </font></tt>
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- the V4 all systems multicast address<br>
-
- </table>
- <tt><font size=+1>IPv4allrouter<br>
- </font></tt>
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- the V4 all routers multicast address<br>
-
- </table>
- <tt><font size=+1>IPallbits<br>
- </font></tt>
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- the V6 all bits on address<br>
-
- </table>
- <tt><font size=+1>IPnoaddr<br>
- </font></tt>
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- the V6 null address, all zeros<br>
-
- </table>
- <tt><font size=+1>v4prefix<br>
- </font></tt>
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- the IP V6 prefix to all embedded V4 addresses
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
-
- </table>
- <i>Readipifc</i> returns information about a particular interface (<i>index
- </i>&gt;= 0) or all IP interfaces (<i>index </i>&lt; 0) configured under a mount
- point <i>net</i>, default <tt><font size=+1>/net</font></tt>. Each interface is described by one <i>Ipifc</i>
- structure which in turn points to a linked list of <i>Iplifc</i> structures
- describing the addresses assigned to this interface. If the list
- <i>ifc</i> is supplied, that list is freed. Thus, subsequent calls can
- be used to free the list returned by the previous call. <i>Ipifc</i>
- is:
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <tt><font size=+1>typedef struct Ipifc<br>
- {<br>
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- Ipifc &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*next;<br>
- Iplifc &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*lifc; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* local addressses */<br>
- /* per ip interface */<br>
- int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;index; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* number of interface in ipifc dir */<br>
- char dev[64]; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* associated physical device */<br>
- int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mtu; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* max transfer unit */<br>
- long validlt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* valid life time */<br>
- long preflt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* preferred life time */<br>
- uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sendra6; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* on == send router adv */<br>
- uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;recvra6; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* on == rcv router adv */<br>
- ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pktin; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* packets read */<br>
- ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pktout; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* packets written */<br>
- ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;errin; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* read errors */<br>
- ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;errout; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* write errors */<br>
- Ipv6rp &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* route advertisement params */<br>
-
- </table>
- } Ipifc;<br>
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <i>Iplifc</i> is:
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <tt><font size=+1>struct Iplifc<br>
- {<br>
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- Iplifc &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*next;<br>
- uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ip[IPaddrlen];<br>
- uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mask[IPaddrlen];<br>
- uchar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;net[IPaddrlen]; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* ip &amp; mask */<br>
- ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;preflt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* preferred lifetime */<br>
- ulong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;validlt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* valid lifetime */<br>
-
- </table>
- };<br>
-
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
- </font></tt>
- <i>Ipv6rp</i> is: struct Ipv6rp { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mflag; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oflag; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;maxraint;
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* max route adv interval */ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minraint; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* min route adv interval
- */ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;linkmtu; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reachtime; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rxmitra; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ttl; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;routerlt;
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;};
- <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table>
-
- <i>Dev</i> contains the first 64 bytes of the device configured with
- this interface. <i>Net</i> is <i>ip</i><tt><font size=+1>&amp;</font></tt><i>mask</i> if the network is multipoint or
- the remote address if the network is point to point.<br>
-
-</table>
-<p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br>
-
-<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- <tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/libip<br>
- </font></tt>
-</table>
-<p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br>
-
-<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td>
-
- <a href="../man3/print.html"><i>print</i>(3)</a><br>
-
-</table>
-
-<td width=20>
-<tr height=20><td>
-</table>
-<!-- TRAILER -->
-<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
-<tr height=15><td width=10><td><td width=10>
-<tr><td><td>
-<center>
-<a href="../../"><img src="../../dist/spaceglenda100.png" alt="Space Glenda" border=1></a>
-</center>
-</table>
-<!-- TRAILER -->
-</body></html>